Login

03-19-2003, 11:37 AM

R 
 
Rebellis (LA): rebel; insurgent. 
Receptio (LA): 'reception'; incorporation into the empire of barbarians across the borders. 
Remansor (LA): soldier left in camp. 
Remex (LA): oarsman. 
Remus (LA): oar. 
Renuntium (LA): report. 
Retentura (LA): rear part of a camp behind the praetorium (LA). 
Retentus (LA): soldier kept in service after serving required term. 
Rhomphaia (GR): sword; falchion. 
Ripa (LA): river bank. 
Riparius (LA): soldier belonging to late Roman frontier unit. 
Rorarius (LA): 'attacker'; legionary skirmisher attached to units of triarii (LA). 
Rostrum (LA): ship's beak or ram. 
Rudis (LA): wooden practice sword. 
Rufulus (LA): officer picked by a commander. Named after the consul Rutilius Rufus. 
Rumpia (LA): slashing blade; falchion. 
 
 
 
 
S 
 
Saccus undecimus (LA): 'eleventh bag'; military burial fund. 
Sacer (LA): 'sacred'; belonging to the emperor. 
Sacer comitatus (LA): 'sacred following'; imperial field army. 
Sacramentum (LA): military oath. 
Sagitta (LA): arrow. 
Sagitta ballistaria (LA): catapult bolt. 
Sagittarius (LA): (1) archer; (2) arrow-maker. 
Sagma (LA): pack saddle. 
Sagmarius (LA): pack animal driver. 
Sagum (LA): cloak. 
Sagularis (LA): camp road running along the inside of the rampart. 
Sagulum (LA): cloak. 
Salararius (LA): soldier enjoying special service conditions; mercenary. 
Salaratus (LA): soldier enjoying special service conditions; mercenary. 
Salgamum (LA): extortion of goods or money, a common military practice. 
Sambuca (LA): covered assault ladder. 
SalpinktÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨s (GR): trumpeter. 
Salpinx (GR): trumpet. 
Sarcina (LA): marching pack. 
Sarissa (GR): Macedonian pike. 
Saunion (GR): spear; javelin. 
Scala (LA): ladder. 
Scamnum (LA): partition of military camp. 
Scamnum tribunorum (LA): part of the camp used to house the tribuni (LA). 
Scapha (LA): scouting vessel. 
SchastÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨ria (GR): catapult trigger mechanism. 
Schola (LA): (1) social club; (2) military unit. 
Schola palatina (LA): late Roman mounted imperial guard unit. 
Schola principalium (LA): NCO social club. 
Scholarius (LA): late Roman horse guard trooper. 
Scola (LA): (1) social club; (2) military unit. 
Scola agentum in rebus (LA): late Roman military intelligence unit. 
Scopae (LA): practice target. 
Scordiscus militaris (LA): saddle. 
Scorpio (LA): 'scorpion'; (1) torsion gun; (2) artilleryman. 
Scorpionarius (LA): artilleryman. 
Scriba (LA): writer; clerk. 
Scrinia (LA): administrative office. 
Scriniarius (LA): administrative official; clerk. 
Scurra (LA): late Roman guardsman. 
Scutarius (LA): 'shieldbearer'; (1) soldier equipped with large shield; (2) guardsman. 
Scutatus (LA): soldier equipped with larger sized shield. 
Scutum (LA): shield. 
Scutum publicum (LA): government issue shield. 
Secutor (LA): bodyguard; batman. 
Semaforus (LA): standardbearer. 
SÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨meion (GR): standard. 
SÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨miaphoros (GR): standardbearer. 
Semispatha (LA): short sword. 
Semissalis (LA): late Roman junior NCO. 
Semivocale (LA): musical signal. 
Senator (LA): (1) senator; member of Roman senate; (2) late Roman senior officer in the centurionate. 
Seniores (LA): 'veterans'; late Roman unit that detached men to create the core of a Iuniores (LA) unit. 
Sermo castrensis (LA): 'camp language'; military slang. 
Serra (LA): 'saw'; serrated battle formation. 
Sesquiplicarius (LA): NCO on pay and a half. 
Signa inferre (LA): 'to move the standards forward'; to advance, to attack. 
Signaculum (LA): lead identification disc worn by recruits. 
Signatus (LA): soldier that has been accepted for service. 
Signifer (LA): standardbearer. 
Signifer princeps (LA): senior standard bearer. 
Signum (LA): (1) standard; (2) identification tattoo worn by soldiers. 
Simplaris (LA): soldier on basic pay. 
Singularis (LA): 'singled out', picked soldier. 
Skorpioon (GR): artilleryman. 
Skouton (GR): shield. 
Socii (LA): allies. 
Socii navales (LA): naval allies. 
Socii Nominis Latini (LA): 'allies of the Latin name'; Latin league allies. 
Socius (LA): ally. 
Solliferreum (LA): javelin made wholly of iron. 
Spatha (LA): sword; often, but by no means invariably a sword with a long blade. 
SpathÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨ (GR): sword. 
SpathÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨ makra (GR): long sword. 
Speculator (LA): (1) scout/spy; (2) mounted legionary or praetorian serving as bodyguard and executioner. 
Speculator Augusti (LA): cavalryman attached to a praetorian cohort. 
Speira (GR): military unit. 
Speira stratÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨gis (GR): Greek term for cohors praetoria (LA); unit of imperial guard. 
SphendonÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨tÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨s (GR): slinger. 
Spiculum (LA): javelin; late Roman pilum successor. 
Spina (LA): reinforcing spine on shield. 
Spolia (LA): spoils; plunder. 
Spolia opima (LA): the plundered weapons and equipment of a conquered enemy champion or commander. To dedicate the spolia opima (LA) brought great prestige. 
Spongia (LA): Samnite triple disc body armour. 
SPQR (LA): acronym for S(enatus) P(opulus)Q(ue) R(omanus); the senate and people of Rome. 
Statio (LA): (1) military post; (2) tour of duty. 
Statio expleta (LA): completed tour of duty. 
Statio frumentariorum (LA): post of military intelligence service. 
Statio vigilum (LA): 'watch post'; police post annex fire department station. 
Stationarius (LA): soldier stationed on outpost. 
Statmouchos (GR): (1) billeting official; (2) civilian housing soldiers. 
Stator (LA): military policeman. 
Stellatura (LA): deduction made by officer from a soldier's allowance. 
Stephanos (GR): helmet crest. 
Stigma (GR): mark, tattoo. 
Stimulus (LA): 'goad'; type of defensive trap. 
Stipendarius (LA): soldier serving for pay. 
Stipendiosus (LA): soldier serving for pay. 
Stipendium (LA): (1) regular soldier's pay; (2) year of military service. 
Stipendium centurionicum (LA): year of service as centurion. 
StratarchÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨s (GR): legionary commander. 
Strateia (GR): (1) military service; (2) equestrian officer post; Greek equivalent of militia (LA). 
StratÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨gos (GR): commander; general. 
StratÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨gos hypatos (GR): 'supreme commander'; Greek term for consul (LA). 
Stratia (GR): army. 
StratiÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨ (GR): (1) army; (2) legion. 
StratiootÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨s (GR): soldier. 
StratopedarchÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨s (GR): commander; Greek term for praefectus castrorum (LA). 
Stratopedon (GR): (1) camp; (2) legion. 
Strator (LA): soldier in charge of horse supply to the army. 
Stratura (LA): cavalry detachment. 
Striga (LA): pair of barracks housing a manipulus (LA). 
Sub aquila (LA): 'under the eagle'; on active duty. 
Sub cura (LA): under the care of. 
Sub signis (LA): 'under the standards'; in military service. 
Sub vexillo (LA): 'under the flag'; veteran duty with lighter service. 
Sub iugum missus (LA): POW who passed under the yoke. 
Subarmalis (LA): (1) arming doublet; (2) type of spear, possibly a short javelin. 
Suboptio (LA): 'under optio'; naval soldier subordinate to an optio (LA). 
Subpraefectus (LA): subordinate commander. 
Subsidia (LA): supporting troops; auxiliaries. 
Subsignanus miles (LA): soldier on active duty. 
Sudis (LA): stake. 
Summus curator (LA): senior administrator in charge of supply. 
Suovetaurilia (LA): sacrifice of a pig, sheep and bull. 
Symmachos (GR): ally. 
Symmacharis (LA): ally; auxiliary. 
Symmach(GR): allied or auxiliary force. 
Symphoniacus (LA): flute player; musician indicating the rowing speed on smaller war ships. 
Synaspismos (GR): (1) locked shields formation; (2) Greek term for 
testudo (LA). 
Synedrion (GR): military council. 
Syntagma (GR): military unit. 
Synteleia tiroonoon (GR): conscription levy. 
SysstratiootÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨s (GR): fellow soldier, brother-in-arms. 
 
 
 
 
T 
 
Tablifer (LA): guard cavalry standard bearer. 
Tabula ansata (LA): winged board. 
Tabularium (LA): administrative department. 
Tabularium equitum (LA): administrative office of the legionary cavalry. 
Tagma (GR): military unit; term used by Josephus for legion. 
Tarentinos (GR): light cavalryman armed with javelins. 
Taurus (LA): bull, one of the five original standards of the legion. 
Taxiarchosi> (GR): senior military officer; used as equivalent of tribunus (LA). 
Taxis (GR): military unit. 
Tector (LA): cavalry trooper equipped with large shield. 
Tegimentum (LA): protective garment worn over armour. 
Tegimentum scuti (LA): protective shield cover. 
Telos (GR): military unit; word used by Josephus for legion. 
Telum (LA): missile. 
Terebra (LA): siege machine for drilling holes in walls. 
TÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨roon (GR): recruit. 
Tertius ordo (LA): 'third officer'; (1) centurion of the third cohort of a legion; (2) naval officer of uncertain rank. 
TÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨s hippou stratÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨gos (GR): 'general of the cavalry'; Greek term for magister equitum (LA), a senior late Roman commander. 
Tessera (LA): writing tablet. 
Tesserarius (LA): NCO in charge of the watchword. 
Testamentum militare (LA): military will; soldiers were granted the right to make a will that did not have to conform to all formal legal requirements. 
Testudo (LA): tortoise formation. 
ThoorakitÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨s (GR): skirmisher equipped with body armour. 
Thoracomachus (LA): padded armour. 
Thoorax (GR): body armour. 
Thyreophoros (GR): 'shieldbearer'; (1) any soldier equipped with body shield (2) light infantryman equipped with large shield in Hellenistic armies. 
Thyreophoros lonchophoros (GR): shieldbearing javelineer; legionary javelineer deployed in the four rear ranks of Arrian's battle formation. 
Thyreos (GR): large shield. 
Thyreos epimÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨kÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨s (GR): oblong shield. 
Tibiale (LA): (1) legging; (2) greave. 
Tiro (LA): recruit. 
Tirocinium (LA): recruit's first campaign. 
Titulum (LA): stretch of wall and ditch in front of a marching camp gate. 
Tolleno (LA): siege crane. 
Tonos (GR): catapult spring. 
Tormentum (LA): torsion gun. 
Torques (LA): neck ornament awarded as military decoration. 
Tou tagmatos hippikon (GR): legionary cavalry. 
ToxotÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨s (GR): archer. 
Toxon (GR): bow. 
Trabes (LA): signalling device. 
Tragularius (LA): (1) javelineer; (2) archer. 
Tragulum (LA): missile. 
Translatio (LA): transfer. 
Translatus (LA): transferred soldier. 
Transvectio equitum (LA): annual parade in Rome by the equites Romani (LA) at which their horses and equipment were inspected. 
Trecenarius (LA): senior praetorian or legionary centurion of somewhat unclear status. 
Tres militiae (LA): the three postings of a full equestrian military career: (1) praefectus cohortis (LA) (2) tribunus angusticlavius / tribunus cohortis (LA) (3) praefectus alae (LA). 
Triarius (LA): 'third liner'; heavy legionary infantry soldier. 
Triarius ordo (LA): centurion of the triarii (LA) or pili (LA). 
Triarius prior (LA): senior centurion of a manipulus (LA) of the triarii (LA). 
Triboli (LA): caltrops. 
Tribounos (GR): Greek equivalent of tribunus (LA); senior officer. 
Tribunal (LA): raised platform in front of the HQ used for addressing the troops or administring justice. 
Tribunus (LA): senior officer. 
Tribunus angusticlavius (LA): 'narrow striped officer'; equestrian legionary officer. 
Tribunus cohortis (LA): commander of auxiliary unit. 
Tribunus cohortis urbanae (LA): urban cohort commander. 
Tribunus comitiatus (LA): officer elected as tribunus militum (LA) by the comitia (LA). 
Tribunus laticlavius (LA): 'broadstriped officer'; senatorial legionary officer. 
Tribunus militum (LA): senior legionary officer. 
Tribunus militum a populo (LA): senior legionary officer appointed by popular assembly. 
Tribunus Rufulus (LA): officer picked by the commander. 
Tribunus sexmestris (LA): tribune serving a tour of duty of only six months; note that there is absolutely no evidence at all to identify this officer as commander of the legionary cavalry as sometimes stated in modern literature. 
Tribunus vacans (LA): Late Roman unassigned tribune; staff officer. 
Trierarchus (LA): naval officer; ship's captain. 
TriÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨rÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¨s (GR): trireme; galley with single oarsmen on three levels. 
Triremis (LA): trireme; galley with single rowers on three levels. 
Triumphalia ornamenta (LA): the insignia of a triumphator (LA). 
Triumphator (LA): victorious army commander granted the right of holidng a triumphus (LA). 
Triumphus (LA): triumphal entry into the city of Rome; highest honour bestowed on victorious commander. 
Tuba (LA): trumpet. 
Tubicen (LA): trumpeter. 
Tubicen princeps (LA): senior trumpeter. 
Tumultuarius (LA): irregular auxiliary. 
Tumultus (LA): mobilisation. 
Tunica (LA): tunic. 
Tunica palmata (LA): gold embroidered purple garment worn by triumphator (LA). 
Turarius (LA): sacrificial official. 
Turma (LA): cavalry unit. 
Turmalis (LA): soldier belonging to a turma (LA); trooper. 
Turris (LA): tower. 
Turris ambulatoria (LA): siege tower. 
Turritus (LA): turreted. 
Tympanarios (GR): drummer. Attested for the Byzantine army. 
 
 
 
 
U 
 
Ululatus (LA): battle cry. 
Ulpia (LA): founded or reconstituted by emperor Marcus Ulpius Traianus. 
Umbo (LA): shieldboss. 
Umerale (LA): shoulder armour. 
Urbanicianus (LA): 'city soldier'; soldier belonging to the cohortes urbanae (LA). 
Usurpatio (LA): rebellion. 
Usurpator (LA): rebel intent on seizing imperial power. 
Utere felix (LA): use with luck. 
 
Edited by: <A HREF=http://pub45.ezboard.com/bromanarmytalk.showUserPublicProfile?gid=sandervandorst@romanarmytalk>Sander van Dorst</A> at: 4/20/03 7:16:59 pm

Login
Username:
Password:	Lost Password?
	Remember me

Possibly Related Threads…
Thread		Author	Replies	Views	Last Post
	Roman Army Terminology Greek-Latin	Julian de Vries	3	1,493	10-19-2017, 03:14 PM Last Post: Renatus
	terminology of generalship	eugene	0	1,051	12-02-2012, 02:20 PM Last Post: eugene
	terminology Q	Anonymous	5	2,182	05-23-2004, 09:03 PM Last Post: Vincula