Light Armed Cohorts and Standard bearers shield

[jkaler48]

I found this which talks about iron shield handle finds:
"longer axis
of the shield, a rib bifurcating at either end. These
long ribs do not appear when the reverse of the shield is
depicted, but in many instances a short rib is shown
crossing the back of the boss, by which the shield was
grasped. Examples of these handles have been recently
found at Hofheim, some in the form of a short bar and
°t^ers showing bifurcation ; and it is possible the two por
tions of shield ribs of this pattern found in the ditch of the
*' early fort,2 both of which show bifurcation, were handles."
Link to the entire document:
http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata ... 84_408.pdf

[M. Demetrius]

John, I saw a drawing and photo of a shield handle much like your description, at least in function, in an Osprey book about the Spanish Celtiberians, in the enemy of Rome series. I don't remember whether they showed how the handle was attached exactly in great detail, but two fasteners held the boss, shield face, and handle together. Don't have that book any more, so I can't check it for you, sorry.

[Matt Lukes]

I wonder if the the pins shown in the drawing above were found in Legionary contexts and why it was assumed that they were umbo attachments and also
what other possible use they may have had.

Well that is what I'm trying to establish...

[Peroni]

Well that is what I'm trying to establish...

Yes they were Matt.

It's a composite of drawings taken from Ansgar Nabbfeld – “Romische Schilde” – Studien Funden und bildlichen Überlieferungen vom Ende der Republik bis in die spate Kaiserzeit.
(KSARP 10 VML GmbH 2008)

all the umbones I've ever seen images of have small round holes for their mounting nails- the wide, flat shanks of those bolt things don't fit that at all.

There are also many depictions in the book of bosses with punched square/rectangular holes. In fact the boss initially referred to above (from the Tyne) has holes which were made with a square punch IIRC.

[jkaler48]

I was way too optimistic on the ease of designing a shield convertible from a horizontal to a vertical handle and back as desired.
Aside from the fastener debate it just occurred to me that the same handle cannot be used and I will have to have two separate handles made. This is because the umbo is not square
but rectangular so different lengths are needed AND since the shield is curved horizontally but not vertically one handle must be curved and the other flat.
Here are drawing of a design base on the written reference above. (May be changed again when I get some photos of originals)[attachment=0:2tcgv8b3]<!-- ia0 handle2.JPG<!-- ia0 [/attachment:2tcgv8b3][attachment=1:2tcgv8b3]<!-- ia1 handle1.JPG<!-- ia1 [/attachment:2tcgv8b3]

I am going to have this shield made for me or at least the boss and fittings as I am not set up to do the metal work parts. If I could do the whole project myself it might rate an award!

[Doc]

Peroni,

I have a high resolution picture from the British Museum and the holes on the Dubitatus are round not rectangular.

In any event, are you suggesting that clenched nails are incorrect or that this drawing is an alternative. The reason I ask is because it may give some credence to the idea that maybe the Tyne and Vindonissa bosses may have been for use on parades and removable rivets would allow for simpler umbones to be replaced by decorative ones.

However, this would lead to the idea that soldiers carried around a spare umbo for parades and since soliders had to carry their equipment, I think that a second umbo would have been something less necessary than an extra sword, pilum, etc....

[jkaler48]

I am going out of limb a bit here and maintaining the possibility that some umbos may have been removable to quickly replace the soldiers shield in the field due to battle damage while
allowing the soldier to retain his expensive and personalized umbo. This is supported in part by accounts of extensive battle damage to shields in historical accounts as maybe just maybe by depictions of possibly spare shields on carts on Tragen's column for example. Also higher ranking soldiers may have had some cart space allotted for thier extra personal gear so perhaps removable umbos were used by ranking and wealthier soldiers.

[Doc]

John,

I agree that officers had their means of transporting their gear. However, why not use an elaborate umbo. Julius Caesar I believe mentions that dona were worn into battle and if the Lauresfort are anything to go by, they would have been more expensive than any umbo.

However, as fas as that picture that Peroni showed, it appears that bent nails were used with that umbo. Thus it appears that both nails and those flat rivets that would presumably have pins and are presumably from scuta could be used.

[Matt Lukes]

Yes they were Matt.

It's a composite of drawings taken from Ansgar Nabbfeld – “Romische Schilde” – Studien Funden und bildlichen Überlieferungen vom Ende der Republik bis in die spate Kaiserzeit.
(KSARP 10 VML GmbH 2008)

What sort of proof is offered though- just saying yes doesn't really answer the question. Is it shown that there are umbones with 100% associated bolts of the type shown? Are there so many to suggest it was common or 'correct' as you stated? That there are umbones with square holes doesn't help much since square shank nails are easier to make than round, but rectangular holes would. I suspect few of us have the article so a bit of elaboration would sure be welcome

[jkaler48]

John,

I agree that officers had their means of transporting their gear. However, why not use an elaborate umbo. Julius Caesar I believe mentions that dona were worn into battle and if the Lauresfort are anything to go by, they would have been more expensive than any umbo.

However, as fas as that picture that Peroni showed, it appears that bent nails were used with that umbo. Thus it appears that both nails and those flat rivets that would presumably have pins and are presumably from scuta could be used.

I can imagine a later period Centurion like the earlier Scaeva needing to easily remove his umbo to replace his shield board. (Scaeva's himself probably had a late Republican style umbo which I don't think any decorated one have been found.)


"Julius Caesar, Civil War 3.45

Thus there happened no less than six actions in one day; three near Dyrrhachium, and three about the lines. In computing the number of the slain, it appeared that Pompey lost about two thousand men, with several volunteers and centurions, among whom was Valerius Flaccus, the son of Lucius, who had formerly been praetor of Asia. We gained six standards, with the loss of no more than twenty men in all the attacks; but in the fort, not a soldier escaped being wounded; and four centurions belonging to one cohort, lost their eyes. As a proof of the danger they had been exposed to, and the efforts they had sustained, they brought and counted to Caesar about thirty thousand arrows that had been shot into the fort, and showed him the centurion Scaeva's buckler, which was pierced in two hundred and thirty places. Caesar, as a reward for his services both to himself and the republic, presented him with two hundred thousand asses, and advanced him directly from the eighth rank of captains to the first; it appearing that the preservation of the fort was chiefly owing to his valour. He also distributed military rewards among the other of them double pay, and a double allowance of corn.

[Matt Lukes]

What's so not easy about removing nails John? Easy removal is useful if time is a factor primarily or if removal is constant- or I guess if nails are expensive or something LOL

My question about the use of those bolts and pins is one of tight fit- if the hole in the shank of the bolt isn't perfectly placed, the umbo will either rattle (requiring one to shim it- not exactly an idea situation) or the pin can't be inserted at all. But shall we wait to hear just how widespread the evidence suggests the use of these was before going into further theories that are only the least bit valid IF the primary proof of use is sufficient? :wink:

[jkaler48]

What's so not easy about removing nails John? Easy removal is useful if time is a factor primarily or if removal is constant- or I guess if nails are expensive or something LOL

My question about the use of those bolts and pins is one of tight fit- if the hole in the shank of the bolt isn't perfectly placed, the umbo will either rattle (requiring one to shim it- not exactly an idea situation) or the pin can't be inserted at all. But shall we wait to hear just how widespread the evidence suggests the use of these was before going into further theories that are only the least bit valid IF the primary proof of use is sufficient? :wink:

You are right the further theories need some evidence of the initial removable umbo fasteners theory having validity to make any sense. I also am wondering if there were any washers or other possible shims found associated with the presumed umbo pins.

[jkaler48]

Yes they were Matt.

It's a composite of drawings taken from Ansgar Nabbfeld – “Romische Schilde” – Studien Funden und bildlichen Überlieferungen vom Ende der Republik bis in die spate Kaiserzeit.
(KSARP 10 VML GmbH 2008)

What sort of proof is offered though- just saying yes doesn't really answer the question. Is it shown that there are umbones with 100% associated bolts of the type shown? Are there so many to suggest it was common or 'correct' as you stated? That there are umbones with square holes doesn't help much since square shank nails are easier to make than round, but rectangular holes would. I suspect few of us have the article so a bit of elaboration would sure be welcome

Here is a little more information about the publication - very tantalizing!

Roman shields - studies on archaeological finds and pictorial evidence from the end of the Republic until the late Empire. Ansgar Nabbefeld. Ansgar Nabbefeld. Kölner Studien zur Archäologie der römischen Provinzen Band 10. Kölner Studien zur Archäologie Band 10 provinces of the Roman Dissertation Universität Köln, 2007. PhD thesis, University of Cologne, 2007. 286 Seiten, 8 Abbildungen, 33 Diagramme, 2 Listen, 2 Karten, 118 Tafeln. 286 pages, 8 illustrations, 33 maps, 2 lists, 2 maps, 118 plates. Zusammenfassung in englisch Summary in English

Inhalt: Vorwort des Herausgebers. Contents: Foreword by the editor. Vorwort des Autors Preface by the author

1. 1. Einleitung. Introduction. Forschungsstand und Fragestellung. Research and ask questions. Allgemeines zur antiken Schildbewaffnung. About the ancient shield armament. Begriffsbestimmung - Terminologie - Typologie Definition - Terminology - Typology

2. 2. Römische Schildtypen - scutum. Roman shield types - scutum. Trapezoider Schild - parma. Trapezoid plate - parma. Rechteckiger Schild. Rectangular plate. Hexagonaler Schild. Hexagonal plate. Runder - Ovaler Schild. Round - Oval plate. Graphik zur Entwicklung der römischen Schildformen Graphics for the development of the Roman shield shapes

3. 3. Zur Herstellung und Konstruktion römischer Schilde und Schildteile. To manufacture and design of Roman shields and shield parts. Schildkörper. Shield body. Schildbuckel (umbo) Schildfessel (ansa) Schildrandfassung und Schildniet. Shield boss (umbo) Shield Bondage (ansa) shield rim and replaced Schildniet. Schildhüllen (tegimenta) Bezüge. Shield Covers (tegimenta) references.

4. 4. Schildbemalung. Sign painting. 4.1 Exkurs: Ein Schildbezug mit Etappenliste aus Dura Europos. 4.1 Digression: A shield with respect Stages From Dura Europos.

5. 5. Schildteile. Shield parts. 5.1 Schildbuckel (umbo) 5.1.1 Exkurs: "Paradeschildbuckel" Schildfesseln (ansa) Schildrandbeschläge. 5.1 shield boss (umbo) 5.1.1 Digression: "Parade shield boss' shields chains (ansa) shield edge fittings. Schildniete. Shield rivets. Schildhüllen (tegimenta) Archäologisch-historische Auswertung. Shield Covers (tegimenta) Archaeological and historical analysis.

Zusammenfassung. Abstract. Literatur. Literature. Verbreitungskarten, Fundverteilung, Datierung. Distribution maps, Fund Distribution, dating. Katalog. Catalog. Tafeln 1-118. Tables 1-118.

[Doc]

John,

The article mentions a parade umbo? What do they base that on?

[jkaler48]

And to really make you want a copy I have found an index to it:

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Vorwort des Herausgebers [Thomas Fischer] (5) Editor's Preface [Thomas Fischer] (5)
Vorwort des Autors (6) Preface by the author (6)

A. Einleitung (9-15) A. Introduction (9-15)

1. Übersicht (9-11) Summary (9-11)
* Nur Berücksichtigung publizierter Objekte mit Abbildung Only properties with regard to the published figure
* Arbeit umfaßt das gesamte Römische Reich Work includes the entire Roman Empire
* Aufnahme unpublizierter Objekte aus Privatbesitz [ohne Provenienz] Inclusion of unpublished items from a private collection [] without provenance
2. Forschungsstand und Fragestellung (11-12) Research and ask questions (11-12)
* Überblick über Publikationen seit 19. Overview of publications since 19 Jh. C.
* Erste Zusammenfassung römischer Schilde und Schildteile Initial summary of Roman shields and shield parts
o Einordnung der Neufunde Classification of the new finds
o Überprüfung der Altfunde Review of old find
3. Allgemeines zur antiken Schildbewaffnung (12-14) About the ancient shield armament (12-14)
* Bewaffnung mit Schilden seit der frühen Bronzezeit Armed with shields since the early Bronze Age
o Form: rund Shape: Round
o Material: Leder, Metall, Holz Materials: leather, metal, wood
4. Begriffsbestimmung / Terminologie / Typologie (14-15) Definition / Terminology / Typology (14-15)
1. Definition (14-15) Definition (14-15)
* Scutum: halbzylinderförmiger, rechteckiger Schild Scutum: semicylindrical, rectangular plate
* Parma: kleiner runder oder ovaler Schild Parma: small round or oval shield
* Umbo: Schildbuckel Umbo: shield boss
* Falz: unterster Teil vom Schildbuckel Fold: the lowest part of the shield boss
* Kuppel, Kuppa oder Kalotte: Dach vom Schildbuckel Cupola, or dome Kuppa: roof of the shield boss
* Kragen: Verbindungsstück zwischen Schildbuckelrand und Dach Collar: connector between the roof edge and shield boss
* Ansa: Schildfessel, die Handhabe der Schilde Ansa: Shield cuff, the handle of the shield
* Bezug: Bespannung vom Schild Reference: Fabric from the shield
* Tegimentum: Hülle vom Schild Tegimentum: casing from the shield
o Tabula ansata, lederner Besatz mit Angabe der Truppeneinheit Tabula ansata, leather stocking with details of troop unit
2. Typologische Einteilung (15) Typological classification (15)
* Nach H. Zieling, da germanische und römische Formen weitgehend übereinstimmen According to H. Zieling as Germanic and Roman forms in broad agreement

B. Römische Schildtypen (17-25) B. Roman shield types (17-25)

1. Definition (17) Definition (17)
* Einen typischen römischen Schild gibt es nicht A typical Roman There's no sign
* Keiner der von römischen Soldaten benutzten Schilde war römische Erfindung None of the shields used by Roman soldiers was a Roman invention
* Römisch ist Formgebung und einzelnes Zubehör Roman design is the single and Accessories
2. Scutum (17-20) Scutum (17-20)
* 3 originale Funde 3 original findings
o Fayum [Kar. Fayum [Kar Nr. 1] No. 1]
o Dura Europos [Kat. Dura Europos [Cat Nr. 682-683] No. 682-683]
* Darstellungen von scuta auf Reliefs, Mosaiken Representations of scuta on reliefs, mosaics
* Übernahme des scutum vom römischen Heer in republikanischer Zeit Adoption of the scutum of the Roman army in the Republican era
* Veränderungen im Laufe des 1. Changes in the course of the 1st Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* Nutzung bis Mitte 3. Use until middle of 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD. [Veränderung mit Entwicklung der Reiterei] [Changes with development of the horse]
* Ausrüstung der Gladiatoren orientiert sich am Heer Equipment of the gladiators is based on the Army
3. Trapezoider Schild (20-21) Trapezoid plate (20-21)
* 1 originaler Fund 1 original Fund
o Nimwegen, Lager auf dem Hunerberg [Kat. Nijmegen, camp on the Hunerberg [Cat Nr. 534] No. 534]
* Darstellungen auf Reliefs Depictions on reliefs
* Enge Verwandtschaft mit dem scutum Close relationship with the scutum
4. Parma (21-22) Parma (21-22)
* 1 originaler Fund [rundoval] 1 original discovery [rundoval]
o Feudenheim [Kat. Feudenheim [Cat Nr. 54] No. 54]
5. Rechteckiger Schild (22-23) Rectangular plate (22-23)
* 1 originaler Fund 1 original Fund
o Doncaster [Kat. Doncaster [Cat Nr. 483] No. 483]
* Darstellungen auf Reliefs Depictions on reliefs
* Vorkommen im 1. Occurrence in the 1st Jh. n.Chr. Century AD. neben den anderen Schildformen alongside the other plate shapes
6. Hexagonaler Schild (23) Hexagonal plate (23)
* Kein originaler Fund, nur schriftliche Quellen und Darstellungen auf Reliefs No original discovery, only written sources and depictions on reliefs
* Schild der Reiter Shield the rider
7. Runder / ovaler Schild (24) Round / oval shield (24)
* Nutzung ab 1. Use from 1 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD. von den Auxiliaren, Infanteristen, Reitern of the auxiliaries, infantry, cavalry
* Ablösen des scutums im 3. Detachment of the scutum in the 3rd Jh. n.Chr Century AD
* 5 Originalfunde 5 original findings
o Dura Europos [Kat. Dura Europos [Cat Nr. 672-676] No. 672-676]
8. Graphik zur Entwicklung der römischen Schildformen (25-26) Graphics for the development of the Roman shield shapes (25-26)
* Erklärung zur Graphik Declaration on the graph
* Graphik mit Datierung Graphic with dating

C. Zur Herstellung und Konstruktion römischer Schilde und Schildteile (27-32) C. To manufacture and design of Roman shields and shield parts (27-32)

1. Einleitung (27) Introduction (27)
* Produktion von Waffen Production of weapons
* Zivile Werkstätten in Großstädten Civilian workshops in major cities
* In den Provinzen, besonders an Grenzen durch das Militär In the provinces, especially at boundaries by the military
2. Schildkörper (27-29) Body Shield (27-29)
* Schildbretter / Schildkörper aus verschiedenen Holzarten – Baumart Sign boards / shield body from different species - species
o Birke Birch
o Eiche Oak
o Erle Alder
o Esche Ash
o Pappel Poplar
o Platane Sycamore
o Zeder Cedar
* Herstellung des Schildkörpers Production of the thyroid body
o Geleimt und mit Darm oder Rohhaut bespannt / Leimung Glued and strung with gut or rawhide / Sizing
o Nut und Feder selten Tongue and groove rarely
o Sperrholz Plywood
* Schildbezüge – Schildbezug Plate covers - sign reference
o Bespannung mit Leder Upholstery leather
* Metallbeschlag am Schildrand Metal mounting plate on the edge
3. Schildbuckel [ umbo ] (30-31) Shield boss [umbo] (30-31)
* Herstellungstechnik: Treiben Manufacturing technology: driving
o Einfache Schildbuckel Simple shield boss
o Stangenschildbuckel Strange shield boss
o Prunkschildbuckel Ceremonial shield boss
* Material: meist Bronze Material: mostly bronze
* Zusätzlich mögliche Techniken Additionally, possible techniques
o Gravur und Punzen Engraving and punches
o Verzinnung – Zinn Tin - tin
o Versilberung – Silber Silver - silver
o Vergoldung Gilding
* Unterschiede Differences
o Römische Schildbuckel durch getriebenen Schmuck verziert Roman shield boss decorated with embossed ornaments
4. Schildfessel [ ansa ] (31) Sign bondage [ansa] (31)
* Material: Eisen Material: Iron
* Verziert und unverziert Adorned and unadorned
5. Schildrandfassung und Schildniete (31-32) Shield rim replaced and shield rivets (31-32)
* Material der Schildrandfassung Material of the plate boundary version
o Vorwiegend dünnes, bandförmiges Blech, meist aus Bronze Mostly thin, ribbon-shaped sheet metal, mostly bronze
* Selten Leder Rare Leather
o Herstellung der Schildniete Preparation of the shield rivets
* Treiben Doings
o Verzierung durch Gravur oder Punzarbeit möglich Ornaments by engraving or tooling available
6. Leder [ tegimenta ] / Bezüge (32) Leather [tegimenta] / salary (32)
* Material der Schildhüllen Material of the hull plate
o Ziegenfell Goatskin
o Schaffell Sheepskin
o Rinderleder Bovine Leather
o Selten Hirsch-, Reh-, Kalbsleder Rare deer, roe deer, calf leather
* Material der auf die Schildbretter aufgeklebten Bezüge Material of the shield covers glued boards
o Gleiches Material wie für Schildhüllen The same material as plate covers

D. Schildbemalung (33-41) D. Shield paint (33-41)

1. Einleitung (33-36) Introduction (33-36)
* Literarische Quellen Literary sources
o Vegetius Vegetius
o Tacitus Tacitus
o Ammianus Marcellinus Ammianus Marcellinus
o Notitia Dignitarum mit Abbildungen Notitia Dignitarum with images
* Originale Schildbemalung Original paint shield
o Dura Europos Dura Europos
Bullets Rechteckiger Schild [Kat.-Nr. Rectangular Shield [Cat 682] 682]
Bullets „Schild des Homer“ [Kat.-Nr. "Shield of Homer" [Cat 672] 672]
Bullets „Amazonenschild“ [Kat.-Nr. "Amazon Shield" [Cat 673] 673]
Bullets „Schild des Kriegsgottes“ [Kat.-Nr. "Shield of the war god" [Cat 674] 674]
o Ägypten Egypt
Bullets „Ornamentschild“ [Kat.-Nr. "Ornament Shield" [Cat 3] 3]
Bullets „Jagdschild“ [Kat.-Nr. "Hunting Shield" [Cat 4] 4]
Bullets „Kampfschild“ [Kat.-Nr. "Battle sign" [Cat 5] 5]
* Schildbemalung auf Darstellungen von Schilden Sign painted on the representations of shields
o Staatsdenkmal State Monument
Bullets Rom, Traiansbogen Rome, Traiansbogen
Bullets Thessaloniki, Galeriusbogen Thessaloniki, Galerius
o Grabmonumente Grave monuments
o Mosaik Mosaics
Bullets Piazza Armerina Piazza Armerina
* Motive Motives
o Schwingen vom Adler Wings of eagles
o Blitz Lightning
o Donnerkeil Thunderbolt
o Blätter Leaves
o Ranke Ranke
o Löwe Leo
o Lorbeerkranz Laurel wreath
o Dreizack Trident
o Seestern Starfish
* Zuordnung der Motive Assignment of motives
o Zu bestimmten Einheiten oder Dienstgraden schwierig On certain units or ranks difficult
o Unterscheidungsmerkmal gegenüber dem Feind Differentiator against the enemy
2. Exkurs: Ein Schildbezug mit Etappenliste aus Dura Europos (36-41) Digression: A shield with respect Stages From Dura Europos (36-41)
* Fundort: Dura Europos, Turm der Stadtmauer [Kat. Location: Dura Europos, the tower of the city wall [Cat Nr. 712] No. 712]
* Fund: mehrere Fragmente von ovalen Schilden mit Bemalung Fund: several fragments of oval shields with paint
* Darstellung: Meer, Schiffe, Küste Presentation: sea, ships, coastal
* Griechische Inschrift: Namen von Städten, Flüssen, Angabe der Entfernung Greek inscription, the names of cities, rivers, indicating the distance
* Deutung Interpretation
o Schild eines syrischen Bogenschützen Sign of a Syrian archer
o Etappenliste der Strecke von Palmyra zur Donau und zurück Stages of the line from Palmyra to the Danube and return
* Datierung: vor 235 n.Chr. Date: AD before 235th

E. Schildteile (43-54) E. Shield Part (43-54)

1. Schildbuckel [ umbo ] (43-47) Shield boss [umbo] (43-47)
* Spindelförmige Schildbuckel Spindle-shaped shield boss
o Vertikale Längsrippe mit Holzbuckel Vertical longitudinal rib hump with wood
o Schildbuckel aus Eisen Iron shield boss
* Halbkugelförmige Schildbuckel mit rechteckiger Grundplatte Hemispherical shield boss with a rectangular ground plane
o Tabelle mit 14 Beispielen, davon 4 verziert Table with 14 examples, 4 of them decorated
o Insgesamt wenige Funde Overall, few finds
o Löst Mitte 1. Raises Mitte 1 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD. den spindelförmigen Typ ab from the spindle-type
* Halbkugelförmiger Schildbuckel mit rundem Falz Hemispherical shield boss with a circular groove
o Form stammt aus dem germanischen Raum [Zieling Typ M] Form comes from the Germanic area [Zieling Type M]
o Stangen-, Dorn- und konische Schildbuckel Rod, mandrel and tapered shield boss
* Halbkugelförmiger Schildbuckel mit sternförmigem Falz Hemispherical shield boss with star-shaped folding
o Wenige Beispiele A few examples
* Konische Buckel mit niedrigem Kragen [Zieling Typ H] Conic projection with a low collar [Zieling Type H]
o Im römischen und germanischen Raum In the Roman and Germanic Room
o 5 Beispiele 5 Examples
2. Exkurs: „Paradeschildbuckel“ (47-50) Digression: "Parade shield boss" (47-50)
* Tabelle mit 20 Beispielen mit aufwendigen Treibarbeiten Table with 20 cases with elaborate greenhouse work
* Darstellung [meist Büsten] Representation mostly [Busts]
o Gottheiten / Mythologische Figuren / Personifikationen Deities / Mythological Figures / personifications
Bullets Africa Africa
Bullets Ceres Ceres
Bullets Dionysos Dionysus
Bullets Ganymed Ganymede
Bullets Herkules Hercules
Bullets Medusa Medusa
Bullets Minerva Minerva
Bullets Victoria Victoria
o Menschen People
Bullets Jüngling Youth
o Tiere Animals
Bullets Adler Adler
Bullets Löwe Leo
* Herstellung Production
o Keine Bespannung No Overhead
o Medaillons haben nur dekorativen Charakter Medallions have a purely decorative role
o Keine Befestigungslöcher für Nieten, nur aufgesteckt No fixing holes for rivets, just plugged
* Datierung: 2. Period: 2nd und 3. and 3 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
3. Schildfesseln – Schildfessel [ ansa ] (50-51) Sign Restraints - Bondage Shield [ansa] (50-51)
* Schildfessel oder Schildgriff [hölzerner Steg und Metall-Applikation] Shield or shield bondage handle [wooden bridge and metal-application]
o Römische Fesseln aus Eisen ohne Verzierung Roman fetters of iron without decorations
o Germanische Fesseln aus Bronze , kürzer, mit Verzierungen Germanischer fetters of bronze, shorter, with decorations
4. Schildrandfassung (51) Plate boundary version (51)
* Schildränder mit Bronzebeschlägen eingefaßt Shield edges trimmed with bronze fittings
o Römische rein funktional, unverziert Roman purely functional, unadorned
o Germanische verziert Germanischer decorated
* Schildränder mit Leder eingefaßt Shield edges lined with leather
5. Schildniete – Schildniete (52-53) Rivet Shield - Shield Rivet (52-53)
* Eindeutige Zuordnung der Schildnägel / Nieten nicht möglich Unambiguous assignment of the thyroid Nails / Rivets available
* Nietköpfe können verziert sein Rivet heads may be decorated
6. Schildhüllen [ tegimenta ] (53-54) Shield Covers [tegimenta] (53-54)
* Schildhülle / Schildüberzug aus Leder Shield Cover / shield cover made of leather
* Informationen über Form und Größe der Schilde Information about the shape and size of the shields
* Bekannte Fundorte Known sites
o Fabrica der Legio I Minervia am Bonner Berg Fabrica of Legio I Minervia on Bonner Mountain
o Valkenburg Valkenburg
o Windisch Windisch

F. Archäologisch-historische Auswertung (55) F. Archaeological and historical analysis (55)

* Fundorte der Schilde Localities of the shields
o Meist im militärischen Kontext: Lager, Kastell, Vicus, Limes Most in the military context: camp, fort, Vicus, Limes
o Grab- und Hortfunde [besonders in Deutschland] Grave and hoards [especially in Germany]

G. Zusammenfassungen (57-59) G. Summaries (57-59)

1. Zusammenfassung (57-58) Summary (57-58)
2. Summary (59) Summary (59)

H. Literatur (61-86) H. Literature (61-86)

I. Verbreitungskarten, Fundverteilungstabellen und Datierungsdiagramme (87-126) I. distribution maps, tables and Fund Distribution Date Diagrams (87-126)

1. Überblick (87-92) Overview (87-92)
1. Inhaltsverzeichnis (87) Table of Contents (87)
2. Datierungsdiagramm (88) Dating diagram (88)
3. Karten (89-92) Cards (89-92)
* Karte 1: Fundorte publizierter und abgebildeter römischer Schilde bzw. Schildteile in Deutschland, Dänemark, Niederlande, Schweiz Map 1: sites of published and depicted in Roman shields and shield parts in Germany, Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland
* Karte 2: Fundort publizierter und abgebildeter römischer Schilde bzw. Schildteile in Großbritannien Map 2: Location of published and depicted in Roman shields and shield parts in the UK
2. Tabellen der Fundverteilung (93-110) Tables of Distribution Fund (93-110)
1. Deutschland (93-99) Germany (93-99)
* Baden-Württemberg (93-94) Baden-Wuerttemberg (93-94)
o Fundverteilung umbo Fund Distribution umbo
o Fundverteilung ansa I Fund Distribution ansa I
o Fundverteilung ansa II Fund Distribution ansa II
o Fundverteilung Randfassung Fund Distribution Rand version
o Fundverteilung Niet Fund Distribution Rivet
* Bayern (94-96) Bavaria (94-96)
o Fundverteilung umbo Fund Distribution umbo
o Fundverteilung ansa Fund Distribution ansa
o Fundverteilung Randfassung I Fund distribution edge version I
o Fundverteilung Randfassung II Fund distribution edge version II
o Fundverteilung Niet Fund Distribution Rivet
* Nordrhein-Westfalen (97-98) North Rhine-Westphalia (97-98)
o Fundverteilung umbo Fund Distribution umbo
o Fundverteilung ansa Fund Distribution ansa
o Fundverteilung Randfassung I Fund distribution edge version I
o Fundverteilung Bezug / tegimenta Fund Distribution Incoming / tegimenta
* Rheinland-Pfalz (98-99) Rhineland-Palatinate (98-99)
o Fundverteilung umbo Fund Distribution umbo
o Fundverteilung ansa Fund Distribution ansa
o Fundverteilung Randfassung Fund Distribution Rand version
2. Niederlande (99-101) Netherlands (99-101)
* Fundverteilung Schild Fund distribution label
* Fundverteilung umbo Fund Distribution umbo
* Fundverteilung ansa Fund Distribution ansa
* Fundverteilung Randfassung Fund Distribution Rand version
* Fundverteilung Bezug / tegimenta Fund Distribution Incoming / tegimenta
3. Schweiz (101-102) Switzerland (101-102)
* Fundverteilung umbo Fund Distribution umbo
* Fundverteilung ansa Fund Distribution ansa
* Fundverteilung Randfassung Fund Distribution Rand version
* Fundverteilung Bezug / tegimenta Fund Distribution Incoming / tegimenta
4. Großbritannien (102-103) United Kingdom (102-103)
* Fundverteilung Schild Fund distribution label
* Fundverteilung umbo Fund Distribution umbo
* Fundverteilung ansa Fund Distribution ansa
* Fundverteilung Randfassung Fund Distribution Rand version
* Fundverteilung Bezug / tegimenta Fund Distribution Incoming / tegimenta
5. Übrige Fundverteilung (103-110) Other Fund Distribution (103-110)
* Ägypten (103) Egypt (103)
* Belgien (103-104) Belgium (103-104)
* Bulgarien (104) Bulgaria (104)
* Dänemark (104) Denmark (104)
* Hessen (105) Hesse (105)
* Niedersachsen (105-106) Lower Saxony (105-106)
* Saarland (106) Saarland (106)
* Sachsen-Anhalt (106) Saxony-Anhalt (106)
* Schleswig-Holstein (106) Schleswig-Holstein (106)
* Ohne Provenienz (106-107) Without provenance (106-107)
* Frankreich (107) France (107)
* Israel (107) Israel (107)
* Italien (107) Italy (107)
* Iran (107) Iran (107)
* Luxemburg (107) Luxembourg (107)
* Marokko (108) Morocco (108)
* Österreich (108) Austria (108)
o Kärnten Carinthia
o Niederösterreich Lower Austria
* Rumänien (108) Romania (108)
* Slowakei (109) Slovakia (109)
* Spanien (109) Spain (109)
* Syrien (109-110) Syria (109-110)
* Ungarn (110) Hungary (110)
* Privatbesitz / Kunsthandel (110) Private / Art Galleries (110)
6. Datierungsdiagramme (111-126) Dating charts (111-126)

J. Katalog [ Nr. J. catalog [No 1-751 ] (127-284) 1-751] (127-284)

1. Vorbemerkungen (128) Preliminary observations (128)
2. Inhalt (129-130) Content (129-130)
* Aufbau vom Katalog Structure from the catalog
o Fundort, Objekt [Material und / oder Holzart], Datierung Location, Object [Material and / or wood], dating
3. Ägypten [ Nr. Egypt [No 1-5 ] (131-135) 1-5] (131-135)
* [ 1 ] Fayum , Schild mit umbo und ansa [Birke], 2. [1] Fayum shield with umbo and ansa [Birch], 2 Jh. v.Chr. (131-132) Cent. (131-132)
* [ 2 ] Ägypten , Miniatur-Schild [Bein], keine Datierung (132) [2] Egypt, Miniature Shield [leg], no dating (132)
* [ 3 ] Ägypten , Bezug mit Holzresten [Leder; Zeder], justinianische Zeit ? (132-133) [3] Egypt, cover with wood residues [leather, cedar], Justinian's time? (132-133)
* [ 4 ] Ägypten , Bezug mit Jagdszenen [Leder; Zeder], Ende 4. Jh. [4] Egypt, cover with hunting scenes [leather, cedar], late 4th century n.Chr. (133-134) AD. (133-134)
* [ 5 ] Ägypten , Bezug mit Kampfszenen [Leder; Zeder], Inschriften: EUDOXIC und ...ISIC, 3. [5] Egypt, cover with battle scenes [leather, cedar], inscriptions: EUDOXIC and ... ISIC, 3 Viertel 5. 5th Quarter Jh. n.Chr. (134-135) Century AD. (134-135)
4. Belgien [ Nr. Belgium [No 6-8 ] (135-136) 6-8] (135-136)
* [ 6 ] Liberchies , „Bons-Villers“, Prov. [6]: war and peace, "Bons-Villers", Prov. Hainaut, ansa [Eisen], Anfang 4. Hainaut, ansa [iron], top 4 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 7 ] Polleur , Prov. [7] Polleur, Prov. Liège, umbo [Kupferlegierung], 1.-3. Liège, umbo [copper alloy], 1 to 3 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 8 ] Anthée , Prov. [8] Anthée, Prov. Namur, umbo [Kupferlegierung], 2. Namur, umbo [copper alloy], 2 oder frühes 3. or early 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
5. Bulgarien [ Nr. Bulgaria [No 9-13 ] (136-138) 9-13] (136-138)
* [ 9 ] Baly Bunar , Bez. Jambol, umbo mit Herkuleshaupt [Kupferlegierung], 2./3. [9] Bunar Baly, Bez Yambol, umbo with Hercules Main [copper alloy], 2. / 3. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 10 ] Südwestbulgarien , umbo [Kupferlegierung], 2./3. [10] South-West Bulgaria, umbo [copper alloy], 2. / 3. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 11 ] Donauraum , umbo mit Darstellung der Minerva [Messingblech, teils verzinnt], 2. [11] Danube region, umbo with the presentation of Minerva [brass, partly] tin plated, 2 Hälfte 2. Half of the 2nd bis 1. to 1 Hälfte 3. Half of the 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 12 ] Donauraum , umbo mit Löwenkopf [Blech aus Messing oder Kupferlegierung], Inschrift: TLVICIAVRELIOCATIA, Wende 1./2. [12] Danube region] umbo with a lion's head [sheet of brass or copper alloy, inscription TLVICIAVRELIOCATIA, reversing 1. / 2. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 13 ] Donauraum , umbo mit Jünglingsmaske [Blech aus Messing oder Kupferlegierung], Inschrift: C FELIC IAN A VAL MARCVS, Wende 1./2. [13] Danube region] umbo with youth mask [plate made of brass or copper alloy, inscription: C FELICE IAN A VAL MARCVS, reversing 1. / 2. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
6. Dänemark [ Nr.14-51 ] (138-144) Denmark [No.14-51] (138-144)
* [ 14 ] Hirschsprung , Insel Alsen, Schilde [verschiedene Arten von Holz], ca. 3. [14] Hirschsprung island of Als, shields [different types of wood], c. 3rd u. 2. u. 2 Jh. v.Chr. Cent.
* [ 15 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, Schild (Brett) [Esche], 4./5. [15] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, shield (Brett) [Ash], 4. / 5. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 16 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, Schild (Brett) [Erle], 4./5. [16] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, shield (Brett) [alder], 4. / 5. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 17 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, Schild (Brett) [Esche], 4./5. [17] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, shield (Brett) [Ash], 4. / 5. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 18 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, Schild (Brett) [Erle], 4./5. [18] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, shield (Brett) [alder], 4. / 5. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 19 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, Schild (Brett) [Eiche], 4./5. [19] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, shield (Brett) [Oak], 4. / 5. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 20 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, Schild [Bretter / Brett – Esche], 4./5. [20] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, shield [Boards / Board - Ash], 4. / 5. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 21-24 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, umbo [Eisen], 4./5. [21-24] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, umbo [iron], 4. / 5. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 25 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, umbo Verkleidung [Silber vergoldet], 4./5. [25] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, umbo disguise [silver plated], 4. / 5. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 26-29 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, umbo [Eisen], 4./5. [26-29] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, umbo [iron], 4. / 5. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 30-31 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, ansa [Eisen], 4./5. [30-31] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, ansa [iron], 4. / 5. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 32 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, ansa [Kupferlegierung], 4./5. [32] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, ansa [copper alloy], 4. / 5. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 33 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, ansa [Esche], 4./5. [33] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, ansa [Ash], 4. / 5. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 34-35 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, ansa [unbestimmte Holzart], 4./5. [34-35] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, ansa [indefinite Species], 4. / 5. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 36 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung, Eisen], 4./5. [36] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, edge following [copper alloy, iron], 4. / 5. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 37-42 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], 4./5. [37-42] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, edge version [copper alloy], 4. / 5. Jh. C.
* [ 43 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, Beschlag [Silber, Eisen], 4./5. [43] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, fogging [silver, iron], 4. / 5. Jh. C.
* [ 44 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, Beschlag [Kupferlegierung, Eisen], 4./5. [44] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, fogging [copper alloy, iron], 4. / 5. Jh. C.
* [ 45-46 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, Beschläge [Kupferlegierung], 4./5. [45-46] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, fittings [copper alloy], 4. / 5. Jh. C.
* [ 47 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, Beschlag [Silber], 4./5. [47] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, fogging [Silver], 4. / 5. Jh. C.
* [ 48-51 ] Nydamer Moor , Oster-Sottrup, Sonderborg, Beschläge [Kupferlegierung], 4./5. [48-51] Nydam Moor, Oster Sottrup, Sonderborg, fittings [copper alloy], 4. / 5. Jh. C.
7. Deutschland (144-206) Germany (144-206)
1. Baden-Württemberg [ Nr. Baden-Wuerttemberg [No 52-126 ] (144-156) 52-126] (144-156)
* [ 52 ] Köngen , Lkr. Esslingen, umbo [Eisen, Kupferlegierung], 2. [52] Köngen, County Esslingen, umbo [iron, copper alloy], 2 Hälfte 2. Half of the 2nd und 1. and 1 Hälfte 3. Half of the 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD. ? ?
* [ 53 ] Öhringen-West , Lkr. Hohenlohe, umbo [Eisen], Ende 2. Anfang 3. [53] Öhringen-West, County Hohenlohe umbo [iron], late 2nd early 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 54 ] Feudenheim , Stadt Mannheim, Schild [Eisen, Kupferlegierung], Inschrift: > CLEM. [54] Feudenheim, city of Mannheim, shield [iron, copper alloy], inscription: "CLEM. LAEG. AVERAGE. ... ... (N?)ION(A?)RATO, Mitte 1. (N?) ION (A?) RATO, Mitte 1 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 55 ] Mochenwangen , Gde. Wolpertswende, Lkr. Ravensburg, Hof Steinhausen, umbo [Kupferlegierung], Ende 1. [55] Mochenwangen, Gde Wolpertswende, County Ravensburg, yard Steinhausen, umbo [copper alloy], End of 1st bis Mitte 2. until mid 2nd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 56 ] Edingen , Lkr. Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Gewann „Kreutzelstein", umbo [Eisen], 3. Viertel 1. Jh. n.Ch. [56] Enghien, County: Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Won "Kreutzelstein" umbo [iron], 3rd Quarter 1st century AD
* [ 57 ] Edingen , Lkr. Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Gewann „Kreutzelstein", ansa [Eisen], 3. Viertel 1. Jh. n.Chr. [57] Enghien, County: Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Won "Kreutzelstein", ansa [iron], 3rd Quarter 1st century AD.
* [ 58 ] Ilvesheim , Lkr. Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Gewann „Weingärten", umbo [Eisen], Mitte 1. Jh. n.Chr. [58] Ilvesheim, County Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Won "vineyards," umbo [iron], mid-1st century AD.
* [ 59-61 ] Ladenburg , Lkr. Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, umbo [Eisen], Mitte 1. [59-61] Ladenburg, County Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, umbo [iron], 1 center bis 2. to 2 Hälfte 1. Half of the 1st Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 62 ] Ladenburg , Lkr. Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, ansa [Eisen], Mitte 1. [62] Ladenburg, County Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, ansa [iron], 1 center bis 2. to 2 Hälfte 1. Half of the 1st Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 63 ] Ladenburg , Lkr. Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, ansa [Kupferlegierung], Mitte 1. [63] Ladenburg, County Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, ansa [copper alloy], 1 center bis 2. to 2 Hälfte 1. Half of the 1st Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 64 ] Schwetzingen , Lkr. Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, umbo [Eisen], Mitte bis Ende 1. [64] Schwetzingen, County Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, umbo [iron], middle to end 1 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 65-67 ] Dangstetten , Gde. Küssaberg, Lkr. Waldshut, umbo [Eisen], 15/12 v. Chr. bis 9 v.Chr. [65-67] Dangstetten, Gde Küssaberg, County Waldshut, umbo [iron], 15/12 BC BC to 9.
* [ 68 ] Dangstetten , Gde. Küssaberg, Lkr. Waldshut, umbo ? [Eisen], 15/12 v. Chr. bis 9 v.Chr. [68] Dangstetten, Gde Küssaberg, County Waldshut, umbo? [Iron], 15/12 BC BC to 9.
* [ 69-70 ] Dangstetten , Gde. Küssaberg, Lkr. Waldshut, umbo, Niet [Eisen], 15/12 v. Chr. bis 9 v.Chr. [69-70] Dangstetten, Gde Küssaberg, County Waldshut, umbo, rivet] [iron, 15/12 BC BC to 9.
* [ 71-75 ] Dangstetten , Gde. Küssaberg, Lkr. Waldshut, umbo [Eisen], 15/12 v. Chr. bis 9 v.Chr. [71-75] Dangstetten, Gde Küssaberg, County Waldshut, umbo [iron], 15/12 BC BC to 9.
* [ 76 ] Dangstetten , Gde. Küssaberg, Lkr. Waldshut, umbo ? [Eisen, Kupferlegierung], 15/12 v. Chr. bis 9 v.Chr. [76] Dangstetten, Gde Küssaberg, County Waldshut, umbo? [Iron, copper alloy], 15/12 BC to 9 BC.
* [ 77-84 ] Dangstetten , Gde. Küssaberg, Lkr. Waldshut, ansa [Eisen], 15/12 v. Chr. bis 9 v.Chr. [77-84] Dangstetten, Gde Küssaberg, Waldshut County, ansa [iron], 15/12 BC BC to 9.
* [ 85 ] Dangstetten , Gde. Küssaberg, Lkr. Waldshut, ansa ? [Eisen], 15/12 v. Chr. bis 9 v.Chr. [85] Dangstetten, Gde Küssaberg, Waldshut County, ansa? [Iron], 15/12 BC BC to 9.
* [ 86-111 ] Dangstetten , Gde. Küssaberg, Lkr. Waldshut, ansa [Eisen], 15/12 v. Chr. bis 9 v.Chr. [86-111] Dangstetten, Gde Küssaberg, Waldshut County, ansa [iron], 15/12 BC BC to 9.
* [ 112 ] Dangstetten , Gde. Küssaberg, Lkr. Waldshut, Randfassungen [Blech aus Kupferlegierung], 15/12 v. Chr. bis 9 v.Chr. [112] Dangstetten, Gde Küssaberg, Waldshut County, edge versions [tin copper alloy], 15/12 BC BC to 9.
* [ 113-117 ] Dangstetten , Gde. Küssaberg, Lkr. Waldshut, Randfassungen [Kupferlegierung, Blech], 15/12 v. Chr. bis 9 v.Chr. [113-117] Dangstetten, Gde Küssaberg, Waldshut County, edge versions [copper alloy, tin], 15/12 BC BC to 9.
* [ 118 ] Dangstetten , Gde. Küssaberg, Lkr. Waldshut, Niet von Schild ? [118] Dangstetten, Gde Küssaberg, Waldshut County, riveted by shield? [Eisen], 15/12 v. Chr. bis 9 v.Chr. [Iron], 15/12 BC BC to 9.
* [ 119-122 ] Dangstetten , Gde. Küssaberg, Lkr. Waldshut, Niet vom Schild [Eisen], 15/12 v. Chr. bis 9 v.Chr. [119-122] Dangstetten, Gde Küssaberg, Waldshut County, riveted by the sign [iron], 15/12 BC BC to 9.
* [ 123-125 ] Dangstetten , Gde. Küssaberg, Lkr. Waldshut, Niet von umbo [Eisen], 15/12 v. Chr. bis 9 v.Chr. [123-125] Dangstetten, Gde Küssaberg, Waldshut County, rivet umbo of [iron], 15/12 BC to 9 BC.
* [ 126 ] Dangstetten , Gde. Küssaberg, Lkr. Waldshut, Niet von ansa [Eisen], 15/12 v. Chr. bis 9 v.Chr. [126] Dangstetten, Gde Küssaberg, Waldshut County, rivet of ansa [iron], 15/12 BC BC to 9.
2. Bayern [ Nr. Bavaria [No 127-226 ] (156-171) 127-226] (156-171)
* [ 127 ] Augsburg-Oberhausen , umbo [Eisen], 8/5 v. Chr. bis 6/9 n.Chr., vielleicht bis 15/16 n.Chr. [127] Augsburg-Oberhausen, umbo [iron], 8 / 5 BC-6 / 9 AD. Perhaps to 15/16 AD.
* [ 128 ] Augsburg-Oberhausen , ansa [Eisen], 8/5 v. Chr. bis 6/9 n.Chr., vielleicht bis 15/16 n.Chr. [128] Augsburg-Oberhausen, ansa [iron], 8 / 5 BC-6 / 9 AD. Perhaps to 15/16 AD.
* [ 129-132 ] Augsburg-Oberhausen , umbo [Eisen], 8/5 v. Chr. bis 6/9 n.Chr., vielleicht bis 15/16 n.Chr. [129-132] Augsburg-Oberhausen, umbo [iron], 8 / 5 BC-6 / 9 AD. Perhaps to 15/16 AD.
* [ 133 ] Kastell Aislingen , Lkr. Dillingen ad Donau, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], 1. [133] Aislingen Castle, County Dillingen ad Donau, edge version [copper alloy], 1 Hälfte 1. Half of the 1st Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 134 ] Mertingen , Lkr Donau-Ries, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], 1. [134] Mertingen, Lkr Donau-Ries, edge version [copper alloy], 1 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 135 ] Markt Kipfenberg , Lkr. Eichstätt, umbo [Eisen, Kupferlegierung], ca. zw. 410 und 420 n.Chr. [135] Market Kipfenberg, County Eichstätt, umbo [iron, copper alloy], ca btwn 410 and 420 AD.
* [ 136 ] Markt Kipfenberg , Lkr. Eichstätt, ansa [Eisen], ca. zw. 410 und 420 n.Chr. [136] Market Kipfenberg, Eichstätt County, ansa [iron], ca btwn 410 and 420 AD.
* [ 137 ] Kastell Pfünz , Lkr. Eichstätt, umbo [Eisen], 1. [137] Pfünz Castle, County Eichstätt, umbo [iron], 1 Drittel 3. 3rd third Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 138 ] Kastell Pfünz , Lkr. Eichstätt, umbo [Kupferlegierung], 1. [138] Pfünz Castle, County Eichstätt, umbo [copper alloy], 1 Drittel 3. 3rd third Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 139 ] Kastell Pfünz , Lkr. Eichstätt, umbo [Eisen], 1. [139] Pfünz Castle, County Eichstätt, umbo [iron], 1 Drittel 3. 3rd third Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 140-141 ] Kastell Pfünz , Lkr. Eichstätt, umbo ? [140-141] Pfünz Castle, County Eichstätt, umbo? [Eisen], 1. Drittel 3. [Iron], 1st Period 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 142 ] Kastell Pfünz , Lkr. Eichstätt, ansa [Eisen], 1. [142] Pfünz Castle, County Eichstätt, ansa [iron], 1 Drittel 3. 3rd third Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 143-144 ] Kastell Pfünz , Lkr. Eichstätt, Randfassung ? [Eisen], 1. [143-144] Pfünz Castle, County Eichstätt, edge version? [Iron], 1 Drittel 3. 3rd third Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 145-146 ] Kastell Pfünz , Lkr. Eichstätt, Niet [Eisen], 1. Drittel 3. [145-146] Pfünz Castle, County Eichstätt, Rivet [iron], 1st Period 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 147 ] Manching , Lkr. Ingolstadt, umbo [Kupferlegierung], 233 n.Chr. [147] Manching, Ingolstadt County, umbo [copper alloy], 233 AD.
* [ 148 ] Auxiliarkastell Abusina , Gde. Neustadt ad Donau, Lkr. Kehlheim, umbo [Eisen], frühe und mittlere Kaiserzeit [148] Auxiliarkastell Abusina, Gde Neustadt ad Donau, County Kehlheim, umbo [iron], early and middle imperial period
* [ 149 ] Auxiliarkastell Abusina , Gde. Neustadt ad Donau, Lkr. Kehlheim, umbo [Kupferlegierung], frühe und mittlere Kaiserzeit [149] Auxiliarkastell Abusina, Gde Neustadt ad Donau, County Kehlheim, umbo [copper alloy], early and middle imperial period
* [ 150-152 ] Auxiliarkastell Abusina , Gde. Neustadt ad Donau, Lkr. [150-152] Auxiliarkastell Abusina, Gde Neustadt ad Donau, County Kehlheim, umbo [Eisen], frühe und mittlere Kaiserzeit Kehlheim, umbo [iron], early and middle imperial period
* [ 153 ] Auxiliarkastell Abusina , Gde. Neustadt ad Donau, Lkr. Kehlheim, umbo [Kupferlegierung], frühe und mittlere Kaiserzeit [153] Auxiliarkastell Abusina, Gde Neustadt ad Donau, County Kehlheim, umbo [copper alloy], early and middle imperial period
* [ 154-165 ] Auxiliarkastell Abusina , Gde. Neustadt ad Donau, Lkr. [154-165] Auxiliarkastell Abusina, Gde Neustadt ad Donau, County Kehlheim, umbo [Eisen], frühe und mittlere Kaiserzeit Kehlheim, umbo [iron], early and middle imperial period
* [ 166-174 ] Auxiliarkastell Abusina , Gde. Neustadt ad Donau, Lkr. [166-174] Auxiliarkastell Abusina, Gde Neustadt ad Donau, County Kehlheim, Randfassungen [Eisen], frühe und mittlere Kaiserzeit Kehlheim, edge versions [iron], early and middle imperial period
* [ 175-182 ] Auxiliarkastell Abusina , Gde. Neustadt ad Donau, Lkr. [175-182] Auxiliarkastell Abusina, Gde Neustadt ad Donau, County Kehlheim, Niete [Kupferlegierung], frühe und mittlere Kaiserzeit Kehlheim, Rivet [copper alloy], early and middle imperial period
* [ 183-189 ] Truppenlager Eining-Unterfeld , Flur 275, Lkr. Kelheim, Randfassungen [Kupferlegierung], 2./ 3. [183-189] military camp Eining-subdivision, Corridor 275, County of Kelheim, edge versions [copper alloy], 2. / 3. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 190-194 ] Truppenlager Eining-Unterfeld , Flur 275, Lkr. Kelheim, Niet [Kupferlegierung], 2./ 3. [190-194] military camp Eining-subdivision, Corridor 275, County of Kelheim, rivet [copper alloy], 2. / 3. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 195 ] Befestigung auf dem Lorenzberg bei Epfach , Gde. Denklingen, Lkr. Landsberg a. Lech, umbo [Eisen], spätrömisch [195] fixing on the hill near Lawrence Epfach, Gde Denklingen, County Landsberg a. Lech, umbo [iron], Late Roman
* [ 196 ] Kohortenkastell Miltenberg "Altstadt", Lkr. Miltenberg, umbo mit Büste der Minerva [Kupferlegierung, versilbert], [196] Cohort Castle Miltenberg "Old Town", County Miltenberg, umbo with a bust of Minerva [copper alloy, silver-plated]
Inschrift: MAXIMI und IUSTINI, zw. 150 und 250 n.Chr., vmtl. Inscription: Maximize and Iustini btwn 150 and 250 AD., Vmtl. um 200 n.Chr. AD, at 200th
* [ 197 ] Numeruskastell Miltenberg-Ost , Gde. Bürgstadt, Lkr. Miltenberg, umbo [Eisen], Anfang 3. [197] Numeruskastell Miltenberg-Ost, Gde Bürgstadt, County Miltenberg, umbo [iron], top 3 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 198 ] Burgheim , Lkr. Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, umbo, 2./3. [198] Burgheim, County Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, umbo, 2. / 3. Jh. n.Chr. Century AD. ? ?
* [ 199 ] Berching-Pollanten , Lkr. Neumarkt id OPf., umbo [Kupferlegierung], ca. um 260 n.Chr. [199] Berching-Pollanten, County Neumarkt id Oberpfalz., Umbo [copper alloy], AD, at approximately 260th
* [ 200 ] Kastell Oberstimm , Gde. Manching, Lkr. Pfaffenhofen, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], um 100 n.Chr. [200] Castle Oberstimm, Gde Manching, County Pfaffenhofen, edge version] [copper alloy, AD, at 100th
* [ 201-202 ] Kastell Oberstimm , Gde. Manching, Lkr. Pfaffenhofen, Niet [Kupferlegierung], Mitte 1. [201-202] fort Oberstimm, Gde Manching, County Pfaffenhofen, rivet [copper alloy], 1 center Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 203 ] Castra Regina , Stadt Regensburg, umbo [Eisen], Wende vom 2. [203] Castra Regina, Regensburg, umbo [iron], reversal of 2 zum 3. 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 204-205 ] Kastell Großprüfening , Stadt Regensburg, umbo [Eisen], Mitte 3. [204-205] fort Großprüfening, City of Regensburg, umbo [iron], middle of 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 206 ] Unterisling , Stadt Regensburg, Flur „Gaisbreiten", Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], Ende 3. Jh. n.Chr. [206] Unterisling, City of Regensburg, corridors "Gaisbreiten" edge version of [copper alloy], late 3rd century AD.
* [ 207 ] Auxiliarkastell Regensburg-Kumpfmühl , umbo ? [207] Regensburg-Auxiliarkastell Kumpfmühl, umbo? [Eisen], um 80 n.Chr. [Iron], around AD 80th bis 171/172 bzw. 179 n.Chr. until AD 171/172 or 179th
* [ 208 ] Auxiliarkastell Regensburg-Kumpfmühl , 2 ansae [Eisen], um 80 n.Chr. [208] Regensburg-Auxiliarkastell Kumpfmühl, 2 ansa [iron], around AD 80th
* [ 209 ] Auxiliarkastell Regensburg-Kumpfmühl , ansa ? [209] Regensburg-Auxiliarkastell Kumpfmühl, ansa? [Eisen], Mitte 1. [Iron], 1 center bis Mitte 3. until middle of 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 210 ] Auxiliarkastell Regensburg-Kumpfmühl , ansa ? [210] Regensburg-Auxiliarkastell Kumpfmühl, ansa? [Eisen], um 80 n.Chr. [Iron], around AD 80th bis 171/172 bzw. 179 n.Chr. until AD 171/172 or 179th
* [ 211-212 ] Auxiliarkastell Regensburg-Kumpfmühl , Randfassungen [Kupferlegierung], um 80 n.Chr. [211-212] Auxiliarkastell Regensburg-Kumpfmühl, edge versions] [copper alloy, about AD 80th bis 171/172 bzw. 179 n.Chr. until AD 171/172 or 179th
* [ 213 ] Auxiliarkastell Regensburg-Kumpfmühl , Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], Mitte 2. [213] Regensburg-Auxiliarkastell Kumpfmühl, edge version [copper alloy], mid 2nd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 214-215 ] Auxiliarkastell Regensburg-Kumpfmühl , Randfassungen [Kupferlegierung], um 170 n.Chr. [214-215] Auxiliarkastell Regensburg-Kumpfmühl, edge versions] [copper alloy, about AD 170th
* [ 216 ] Auxiliarkastell Regensburg-Kumpfmühl , 11 Randfassungen [Kupferlegierung], Mitte 1. [216] Regensburg-Auxiliarkastell Kumpfmühl, 11 Rand versions] [copper alloy, 1 center bis Mitte 3. until middle of 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 217 ] Lorenzberg bei Epfach , Lkr. Schongau am Lech, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], 15 v. Chr bis Claudius [217] Lorenzenberg at Epfach, County Schongau, edge version] [copper alloy, 15 BC to Claudius
* [ 218 ] Kastell Straubing , umbo [Kupferlegierung], 1. [218] Castle Straubing, umbo [copper alloy], 1 Drittel 3. 3rd third Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 219 ] Kastell Straubing , umbo [Eisen], 1. [219] Castle Straubing, umbo [iron], 1 Drittel 3. 3rd third Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 220-222 ] Kastell Straubing , Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], Ende 2. [220-222] fort Straubing, edge version [copper alloy], late 2nd bis Anfang 3. to early 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 223 ] Kastell Ellingen , Lkr. Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen, umbo [Eisen], Mitte 2. [223] Castle Ellingen County Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen, umbo [iron], mid 2nd bis Anfang 3. to early 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 224-226 ] Kastell Ellingen , Lkr. Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], Mitte 2. [224-226] Ellingen Castle, County Weißenburg]-Gunzenhausen, edge version [copper alloy, mid 2nd bis Anfang 3. to early 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
3. Hessen [ Nr. Hesse [No 227-270 ] (171-177) 227-270] (171-177)
* [ 227 ] Frankfurt , Nida-Heddernheim, Römischer vicus, „Steinkeller D", Flur „Kleine Haag", Randfassung ? [227] Frankfurt, Nida Heddernheim, Roman vicus, "Steinkeller D" corridors "Small Hague", edge version? [Kupferlegierung], 200/220 - 230/240 n.Chr. [Copper alloy], 200/220 - 230/240 AD.
* [ 228 ] Kastell Butzbach , Lkr. Friedberg, umbo [Kupferlegierung], Inschrift: APRO (I) X oder APRO XIII, wahrscheinlich 185/186 n.Chr. [228] Castle Butzbach, Friedberg County, umbo [copper alloy], inscription: APRO (I) X or XIII APRO, probably 185/186 AD.
* [ 229-230 ] Kohortenkastells Arnsburg , Lkr. Gießen, umbo [Eisen], Mitte 3. [229-230] cohort fort Arnsburg, County casting, umbo [iron], middle of 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 231-232 ] Kohortenkastells Arnsburg , Lkr. Gießen, ansa ? [Eisen], Mitte 3. [231-232] cohort fort Arnsburg, County casting, ansa]? [Iron, middle of 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 233 ] Kohortenkastell Saalburg , Hochtaunuskreis, umbo [Eisen], Ende 1. [233] Cohort Saalburg, Hochtaunuskreis, umbo [iron], End of 1st bis Mitte 3. until middle of 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 234-235 ] Kohortenkastell Saalburg , Hochtaunuskreis, ansa [Eisen], Ende 1. [234-235] Cohort Saalburg, Hochtaunuskreis, ansa [iron], End of 1st bis Mitte 3. until middle of 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 236-237 ] Kohortenkastell Hofheim , Main-Taunus-Kreis, umbo [Eisen], ca. Mitte 1. [236-237] Cohort Castle Hofheim, Main-Taunus-Kreis, umbo [iron], ca Mitte 1 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 238-255 ] Kohortenkastell Hofheim , Main-Taunus-Kreis, ansa [Eisen], ca. Mitte 1. [238-255] Cohort Castle Hofheim, Main-Taunus-Kreis, ansa [iron], ca Mitte 1 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 256-267 ] Kohortenkastell Hofheim , Main-Taunus-Kreis, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], keine Datierung [256-267] Cohort Castle Hofheim, Main-Taunus-Kreis], edge version [copper alloy, no date
* [ 268 ] Numeruskastell Altenstadt , Wetteraukreis, ansa [Eisen], 2. [268] Numeruskastell Altenstadt, Wetterau, ansa [iron], 2 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD. ? ?
* [ 269 ] Limeskastell Echzell , Wetteraukreis, umbo [Eisen], Mitte 3. [269] Castle Echzell Limes, Wetterau, umbo [iron], middle of 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 270 ] Kastell auf dem Heidenberg, Wiesbaden , umbo [Kupferlegierung], 2. [270] castle on the mountain heather, Wiesbaden, umbo [copper alloy], 2 Hälfte 1. Half of the 1st Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
4. Niedersachsen [ Nr. Niedersachsen [Nr 271-275 ] (177-178) 271-275] (177-178)
* [ 271 ] Bad Zwischenahn , Lkr. Ammerland, umbo [Eisen], 4./5. Jh. [271] Bad Zwischenahn, County Ammerland umbo [iron], 4. / 5.-Century n.Chr. AD.
* [ 272 ] Liebenau , Lkr. Nienburg, Gräberfeld, Flur „Heidberg", umbo [Eisen], Ende 4. u. Anfang 5. Jh. [272] Liebenau, County Nienburg, graveyard, Hallway "Heidberg" umbo [iron], late 4th and early 5th century
* [ 273 ] Bramsche , Lkr. Osnabrück, Gemarkung Kalkriese, umbo mit Fessel [Kupferlegierung], 9 n.Chr. [273] Bramley, County: Osnabruck, Gemarkung Kalkriese,] umbo with bondage [copper alloy, 9 AD.
* [ 274 ] Bramsche , Lkr. Osnabrück, Gemarkung Kalkriese, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], 9 n.Chr. [274] Bramley, County: Osnabruck, Gemarkung Kalkriese, edge version] [copper alloy, 9 AD.
* [ 275 ] Bramsche , Lkr. Osnabrück, Gemarkung Kalkriese, Randfassungen [Kupferlegierung], 9 n.Chr. [275] Bramley, County: Osnabruck, Gemarkung Kalkriese, edge versions] [copper alloy, 9 AD.
5. Nordrhein-Westfalen [ Nr. North Rhine-Westphalia [No 276-353 ] (178-191) 276-353] (178-191)
* [ 276 ] Römerstraße Bonn-Köln , umbo mit Cereshaupt [Kupferlegierung, versilbert], ca. 200-225 n.Chr. [276] Roman road Bonn-Cologne, with umbo Cereshaupt [copper alloy, silver plated], ca 200-225 AD.
* [ 277 ] Bonn , Bonner Berg, ansa [Eisen], 110/20-130/40 n.Chr. [277] Bonn, Bonn, mountain, ansa [iron], 110/20-130/40 AD.
* [ 278-279 ] Bonn , Bonner Berg, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], 110/120 - 130/140 n.Chr. [278-279] Bonn, Bonner Mountain, edge version] [copper alloy, 110/120 - 130/140 AD.
* [ 280-293 ] Bonn , Bonner Berg, tegimentum [Leder], 110/120 - 130/140 n.Chr. [280-293] Bonn, Bonn, mountain, tegimentum [leather], 110/120 - 130/140 AD.
* [ 294 ] Auxiliarkastell Dormagen , umbo [Eisen ?], 80/90 bis ca. 390 n.Chr. [294] Auxiliarkastell Dormagen, umbo [iron?], 80/90 AD to about 390th
* [ 295 ] Jülich , Lkr. Düren, umbo [Kupferlegierung], 1. [295] Jülich, Düren County, umbo [copper alloy], 1 bis 4. Jh. to the 4th century n.Chr. AD.
* [ 296 ] Flottenlager Köln-Marienburg , umbo [Eisen], spättraianisch [296] fleet storage Cologne-Marienburg, umbo [iron], spättraianisch
* [ 297-298 ] Krefeld-Gellep , Lkr. Krefeld, umbo [Eisen], nach 251 n.Chr. [297-298] Krefeld-Gellep, County Krefeld, umbo [iron], AD, according to 251st
* [ 299-301 ] Costedt , umbo [Kupferlegierung], ca. 150/160 n.Chr. bis 250/260 n.Chr. [299-301] Costedt, umbo [copper alloy], about 150/160 AD. To 250/260 AD.
* [ 302 ] Costedt , ansa [Eisen ?], ca. 150/160 n.Chr. [302] Costedt, ansa [iron?], About 150/160 AD. bis 250/260 n.Chr. until AD 250/260.
* [ 303 ] Costedt , Randfassung [Eisen], ca. 150 / 160 n.Chr. [303] Costedt, edge version] [iron approximately 150 / 160 AD. bis 250 / 260 n.Chr. AD to 250 / 260.
* [ 304-315 ] Haltern , Lkr. Recklinghausen, Flur „Silverberg“, umbo [Eisen], Kurz vor Christi Geburt bis 9. [304-315] holders, County Recklinghausen, corridors "Silver Mountain", umbo [iron], shortly before Christ's birth to 9 n.Chr. AD.
* [ 316-317 ] Haltern , Lkr. Recklinghausen, Flur „Silverberg“, Randfassung ? [316-317] holders, County Recklinghausen, corridors "Silver Mountain", the edge version? [Eisen], Kurz vor Christi Geburt bis 9. [Iron], shortly before Christ's birth to 9 n.Chr. AD.
* [ 318 ] Frechen-Königsdorf , Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, umbo [Kupferlegierung, verzinnt oder versilbert], 2. [318] Frechen-Königsdorf, Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, umbo [copper alloy, tin plated or silver plated], 2 Hälfte 3. Half of the 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 319 ] Bergkamen-Oberaden , Lkr. Unna, umbo [Eisen], 11-8 v. Chr. [319] Bergkamen-Oberaden, County Unna, umbo [iron], 11-8 BC
* [ 320-321 ] Bergkamen-Oberaden , Lkr. Unna, Flur „Auf der Burg", ansa [Eisen ?], 11-8 v. Chr. [320-321] Bergkamen-Oberaden, Unna County, Corridor "The Castle", ansa [iron?], 11-8 BC
* [ 322 ] Bergkamen-Oberaden , Lkr. Unna, Flur „Auf der Burg", tegimentum [Ziegenleder - Ziege], 11-8 v. Chr. [322] Bergkamen-Oberaden, Unna County, Corridor "at the castle," tegimentum [goat leather - goat], 11-8 BC
* [ 323 ] Kastell Asciburgium , Lkr. Wesel, umbo ? [Kupferlegierung], 1. [323] Asciburgium Castle, County Wesel, umbo? [Copper alloy], 1 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 324 ] Kastell Asciburgium , Lkr. Wesel, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], 1. [324] Asciburgium Castle, County Wesel, edge version [copper alloy], 1 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 325 ] Voerde-Mehrum , Lkr. Wesel, Flur „Geest", umbo [Eisen, Kupferlegierung, verzinnt], Mitte 1. Jh. n.Chr. [325] Voerde-Mehrum, County Wesel, corridors "Geest", umbo [iron, copper alloy, tin-plated], mid-1st century AD.
* [ 326 ] Voerde-Mehrum , Lkr. Wesel, Flur „Geest", ansa [Kupferlegierung], Mitte 1. Jh. n.Chr. [326] Voerde-Mehrum, County Wesel, corridors "Geest", ansa [copper alloy], mid-1st century AD.
* [ 327 ] Colonia Ulpia Traiana, Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, umbo [Eisen], claudisch [327] Ulpia Colonia Traiana, Xanten, Wesel County, umbo [iron], Claudian
* [ 328 ] Colonia Ulpia Traiana, Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, ansa [Kupferlegierung], 1. [328] Ulpia Colonia Traiana, Xanten, Wesel County, ansa [copper alloy], 1 Jh./frühes 2. Century / early 2nd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 329-330 ] Colonia Ulpia Traiana, Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, ansa [Eisen], 1. [329-330] Ulpia Colonia Traiana, Xanten, Wesel County, ansa [iron], 1 Jh./frühes 2. Century / early 2nd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 331 ] Colonia Ulpia Traiana, Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, ansa ? [Kupferlegierung], 1. [331] Ulpia Colonia Traiana, Xanten, Wesel County, ansa? [Copper alloy], 1 Jh./frühes 2. Century / early 2nd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 332 ] Colonia Ulpia Traiana, Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, ansa [Eisen], 1. [332] Ulpia Colonia Traiana, Xanten, Wesel County, ansa [iron], 1 Jh./frühes 2. Century / early 2nd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 333 ] Colonia Ulpia Traiana, Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, Randfassungen [Kupferlegierung], mittelaugusteisch-frühes 2. [333] Ulpia Colonia Traiana, Xanten, Wesel County, edge versions [copper alloy], medium-early 2nd Augustan Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 334 ] Colonia Ulpia Traiana, Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, Randfassungen [Kupferlegierung], claudisch-neronisch / vespasianisch [334] Ulpia Colonia Traiana, Xanten, Wesel County, edge versions [copper alloy], Claudian-Nerone / Vespasian
* [ 335 ] Colonia Ulpia Traiana, Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], tiberisch-claudisch [335] Ulpia Colonia Traiana, Xanten, Wesel County, edge version [copper alloy], Tiberian-Claudian
* [ 336-337 ] Colonia Ulpia Traiana, Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], 1. [336-337] Ulpia Colonia Traiana, Xanten, Wesel County, edge version [copper alloy], 1 Jh./frühes 2. Century / early 2nd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 338 ] Colonia Ulpia Traiana, Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], tiberisch-2. [338] Ulpia Colonia Traiana, Xanten, Wesel County, edge version [copper alloy], Tiber 2nd Hälfte 1. Half of the 1st Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 339 ] Colonia Ulpia Traiana, Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, Randfassungen [Kupferlegierung], mittelaugusteisch-neronisch / vespasianisch [339] Ulpia Colonia Traiana, Xanten, Wesel County, edge versions [copper alloy], mid-Augustan Nerone / Vespasian
* [ 340 ] Colonia Ulpia Traiana, Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], 2. [340] Ulpia Colonia Traiana, Xanten, Wesel County, edge version [copper alloy], 2 Hälfte 1. Half of the 1st Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 341 ] Colonia Ulpia Traiana, Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, Randfassungen [Kupferlegierung], claudisch-neronisch/vespasianisch [341] Ulpia Colonia Traiana, Xanten, Wesel County, edge versions [copper alloy], claudisch-neronisch/vespasianisch
* [ 342 ] Colonia Ulpia Traiana, Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], mittelaugusteisch-neronisch/vespasianisch [342] Ulpia Colonia Traiana, Xanten, Wesel County, edge version [copper alloy], mittelaugusteisch-neronisch/vespasianisch
* [ 343-346 ] Colonia Ulpia Traiana, Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, Randfassungen [Kupferlegierung], 1. [343-346] Ulpia Colonia Traiana, Xanten, Wesel County, edge versions [copper alloy], 1 Jh./frühes 2. Century / early 2nd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 347 ] Colonia Ulpia Traiana, Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, Niet [Kupferlegierung], spätaugusteisch-claudisch [347] Ulpia Colonia Traiana, Xanten, Wesel County, rivet [copper alloy], spätaugusteisch-Claudian
* [ 348-349 ] Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, umbo [Eisen], 1. [348-349] Xanten, Wesel County, umbo [iron], 1 Hälfte 1. Half of the 1st Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 350 ] Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, umbo [Eisen], 3. [350] Xanten, Wesel County, umbo [iron], 3 Drittel 1. 1st third Jh. v. bis Ende 1. Century v. 1 to end Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 351 ] Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, umbo Verkleidung [Kupferlegierung und Eisenblech], 1. [351] Xanten, Wesel County, umbo disguise [copper alloy and iron], 1 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 352 ] Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, umbo Verkleidung [Kupferlegierung], 1. [352] Xanten, Wesel County, umbo disguise [copper alloy], 1 bis 3. to 3 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 353 ] Xanten , Lkr. Wesel, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], 1. bis 3. [353] Xanten, Wesel County, edge version [copper alloy], 1 to 3 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
6. Rheinland-Pfalz [ Nr. Rhineland-Palatinate [No 354-397 ] (191-199) 354-397] (191-199)
* [ 354-356 ] Morbach-Wederath , Lkr. Bernkastel-Wittlich, umbo [Eisen], Anfang 1. [354-356] Morbach-Wederath, County: Bernkastel-Wittlich, umbo [iron], beginning 1st Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 357 ] Morbach-Wederath , Lkr. Bernkastel-Wittlich, umbo [Eisen], Spätlatènezeit bis 1. [357] Morbach-Wederath, County: Bernkastel-Wittlich, umbo [iron], Spaetlatènezeit to 1 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 358 ] Morbach-Wederath , Lkr. Bernkastel-Wittlich, umbo [Eisen], 1. [358] Morbach-Wederath, County: Bernkastel-Wittlich, umbo [iron], 1 Jh. v.Chr. Cent.
* [ 359 ] Morbach-Wederath , Lkr. Bernkastel-Wittlich, umbo [Eisen], Spätlatènezeit bis 1. [359] Morbach-Wederath, County: Bernkastel-Wittlich, umbo [iron], Spaetlatènezeit to 1 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 360-362 ] Morbach-Wederath , Lkr. Bernkastel-Wittlich, umbo [Eisen], Anfang 1. [360-362] Morbach-Wederath, County: Bernkastel-Wittlich, umbo [iron], beginning 1st Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 363-366 ] Morbach-Wederath , Lkr. Bernkastel-Wittlich, umbo [Eisen], Spätlatènezeit bis 1. [363-366] Morbach-Wederath, County: Bernkastel-Wittlich, umbo [iron], Spaetlatènezeit to 1 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 367 ] Morbach-Wederath , Lkr. Bernkastel-Wittlich, umbo [Eisen], Mitte 1. [367] Morbach-Wederath, County: Bernkastel-Wittlich, umbo [iron], 1 center Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 368-369 ] Morbach-Wederath , Lkr. Bernkastel-Wittlich, umbo [Eisen], Spätlatènezeit bis 1. [368-369] Morbach-Wederath, County: Bernkastel-Wittlich, umbo [iron], Spaetlatènezeit to 1 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 370 ] Bad Bertrich , Lkr. Cochem-Zell, umbo [Eisen], 1. [370] Bad Bertrich, County Cochem-Zell, umbo [iron], 1 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 371-372 ] Hagenbach , Lkr. Germersheim, umbo [Kupferlegierung], Mitte 3. [371-372] Hagenbach, County Germersheim, umbo [copper alloy], middle of 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 373 ] Andernach , Lkr. Mayen-Koblenz, Flur „Marinsberg", umbo [Eisen], tiberisch [373] Andernach, County Mayen-Koblenz, corridors "Marin Mountain", umbo [iron], Tiber
* [ 374 ] Andernach , Lkr. Mayen-Koblenz, Flur „Marinsberg", umbo [Eisen], spättiberisch-frühclaudisch [374] Andernach, County Mayen-Koblenz, corridors "Marin Mountain", umbo [iron], spättiberisch-frühclaudisch
* [ 375-376 ] Andernach , Lkr. Mayen-Koblenz, Flur „Marinsberg", umbo [Eisen], tiberisch [375-376] Andernach, County Mayen-Koblenz, corridors "Marin Mountain", umbo [iron], Tiber
* [ 377 ] Mühlbach am Glan , Gde. Altenglan, Lkr. Kusel, Flur „Potzberg", umbo [Eisen], 2. Hälfte 1. Jh. v. Chr. [377] Mühlbach am Glan, Gde Altenglan, County Kusel, Corridor "Potzberg" umbo [iron], 2nd half of 1st century BC
* [ 378 ] Otterstadt-Angelhof , Lkr. Ludwigshafen, Hortfund, umbo [Kupferlegierung], Mitte 3. [378] Otter Angelhof City, County: Ludwigshafen, hoard, umbo [copper alloy], middle of 3rd Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 379 ] Rheingönheim , Lkr. Ludwigshafen, umbo [Kupferlegierung], 1. [379] Rheingönheim, County Ludwigshafen, umbo [copper alloy], 1 bis 3. to 3 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 380-383 ] Rheingönheim , Lkr. Ludwigshafen, ansa [Eisen], Mitte 1. [380-383] Rheingönheim, County Ludwigshafen, ansa [iron], Mitte 1 Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 384 ] Rheingönheim , Lkr. Ludwigshafen, Randfassung mit Niet [Kupferlegierung], Mitte 1. [384] Rheingönheim, County Ludwigshafen, edge version] with rivet [copper alloy, 1 center Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 385-388 ] Rheingönheim , Lkr. Ludwigshafen, Randfassung [Kupferlegierung], Mitte 1. [385-388] Rheingönheim, County Ludwigshafen, edge version [copper alloy], 1 center Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 389 ] Rheingönheim , Lkr. Ludwigshafen, Beschlag in Form von einem Adler [Kupferlegierung], Mitte 1. [389] Rheingönheim, County Ludwigshafen, fitting in the form of an eagle [copper alloy], 1 center Jh. n.Chr. Century AD.
* [ 390 ] Mainz , umbo mit Adler auf Schild, Typ...