Phalerae and other decorations

[Makas]

As far as I know, the phalerae were more or less ancient equivalent of our medals - given for valour, but some questions I cannot find answers for:

1. Were phalerae (and other military decorations) given to the common soldiers too, or just the centurions?
2. Who was awarding them? The legate? Governor? Emperor?
3. Were they worn only in battle?
4. What kind of other decorations might be available to a common miles and what (if any), only to the higher ranks?

[jvrjenivs]

1. Yes, we know at least 3 stele of ordinairy soldiers with phalerae.
2.both
3.i don't think so.
4. Corona's, like the one for the 'first over the enemy wall' (the corona muralis)

[Renatus]

Valerie Maxfield's book on Roman military decorations will tell you all you need to know. See here:

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Nuex...&q&f=false