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I was thinking recently about all the major studies of arms and armour that have been published over the years, and I could think of many titles relating to many different kinds of arms, but I couldn't name a single work focusing on the history of mail. I am specifically interested in pre-Roman mail, but I am interested in Roman mail as well.
So, are there any academic publications which have approached the history of mail before the Romans either as a part of the study of Roman armour or as a study all its own? I mean a publication that systematically categorizes the evidence and uses it to trace the spread of mail in the centuries BC. If not, this is certainly major void in the study of ancient arms and armour which should be rectified.
Ruben
He had with him the selfsame rifle you see with him now, all mounted in german silver and the name that he\'d give it set with silver wire under the checkpiece in latin: Et In Arcadia Ego. Common enough for a man to name his gun. His is the first and only ever I seen with an inscription from the classics. - Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian
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Ruben,
Unfortunately there is no study where such an overview is presented. I have made a selection of various papers and books that concern pre-Roman and Roman mail.
The last study mentioned (by Waurik) would approximate your question and does give an overview of mail finds from the Roman Empire and beyond (including bibliographical references.
Regards,
Martijn
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Alfs, J.
1941 Der Bewegliche Metallpanzer im Römische Heer; die Geschichte seiner Herkunft und Entwicklung. Zeitschrift für historische Waffen- und Kostümkunde: Neue Folge 7: pp. 69-126.
BenadÃk, B., E. Vlcek and C. Ambros
1957 Keltské pohrebiská na juhozápadnom slovensku - Keltische Gräberfelder der Südwestslowakei. Vydavatel´stvo Slovenskej Akadémie Vied, Bratislava.
Bishop, M. C.
1989 A new Mail Hook. Arma Vol. 1: pp. 11.
Czarnecka, K.
1994 The re-use of Roman Military Equipment in Barbarian Context. A Chain-mail Souvenir? Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies Vol. 5: pp. 245-253.
Dove, Simon & Ruth Goldstraw
1992 Lifting the Kirkburn Mail Tunic. In: Retrieval of Objects from Archaeological Sites. Robert Payton (editor), Archetype Publications, Denbigh, pp. 51-59.
Drescher, H.
1981 Untersuchung des Ringgeflechtes auf Sörup I. In Sörup I: Ein Gräberfeld der Eisenzeit in Angeln, edited by K. Raddatz, pp. 186-190. Vol. 46. Offa-Bücher, Neumünster.
Fredman, P.-O.
1992 Ringväv - om ringbrynjor och liknande föremålstyper från förhistorisk tid och medeltid. C-uppsats i Arkeologi, Uppsala universitet.
Garbsch, J.
1984 Ein römisches Paradekettenhemd von Bertoldsheim, Ldkr. Neuberg-Schrotenhausen. Neuburger Kollektaneenblatt Vol. 136: pp. 239-253.
Gilmour, B.
1997 Iron Age Mail in Britain. Royal Armouries Yearbook Vol. 2: pp. 26-35.
Hrubý, V.
1959 Ein Ringpanzer der Hallstattzeit. SbornÃk Pracà Filozofické Fakulty Brněnské Univerzity E Vol. VIII: pp. 33-37.
James, S.
2004 The Arms and Armour and other Military Equipment. Excavations at Dura-Europos 1928-1937 Final Report VII. The British Museum Press, London.
Jop, E. M.
1957 A fragment of Chain-Mail from the Romano-British Temple Site at Woodeaton. Oxoniesia: a Journal Dealing with the Archaeology, History and Architecture of Oxford and its Neighbourhood Vol. XXII: pp. 106-107.
Jouttijärvi, A.
1995 Technische Untersuchung der kaiserzeitlichen Ringbrünne von Brokaer. Acta Archaeologica Vol. 66: pp. 102-105.
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1996 The Manufacture of Chain-Mail. In Early Iron: Netvaerk for Tidlig Jernteknologi, edited by H. Lyngstrøm, pp. 53-60, Copenhagen.
Kelly, F. M.
1934 Römisch-romanische Ringelpanzer, ihre Darstellung in der gleichzeitigen Kunst. Zeitschrift für historische Waffen- und Kostümkunde: Neue Folge 4: pp. 204- 210.
Müller, F.
1986 Das Fragment eines keltischen Kettenpanzers von der Tiefenau bei Bern. Archäologie der Schweiz Vol. 9 (No. 3): pp. 116-123.
Piggott, S.
1955 Three Metal-Works Hoards of the Roman Period from Southern Scotland. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Vol. LXXXVII: pp. 1-50.
Price, P.
1983 An interesting Find of Lorica Plumata from the Roman Fortress at Usk. In Roman Military Equipment: Proceedings of a Seminar held in the Department of Ancient History and Classical Archaeology at the University of Sheffield, 21th of March 1983, edited by M. C. Bishop, pp. 12-13.
Robinson, H. R.
1975 The Armour of Imperial Rome. Lionel Leventhal Limited, Arms and Armour Press, London.
Rose, W.
1906 Römisch-germanische Panzerhemden. Zeitschrift für historische Waffenkunde Band IV (1906-1908) (Heft 1 & Heft 2): pp. 1-8 & pp. 40-55.
Rusu, M.
1969 Das keltische Fürstengrab von Ciumeşti in Rumänien. Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission. Vol. 50: pp. 267-300.
Sanden, W. A. B. v. d.
1992 Resten van een lorica hamata uit Fluitenberg, gem. Ruinen. Nieuwe Drentse Volksalmanak; Jaarboek voor geschiedenis en archeologie Vol. 109: pp. 51(155)-62(166).
Schönfelder, M.
2000 Das Spätkeltische Wagengrab von Boé (Dép. Lot-et-Garonne): Studien zu Wagen und Wagengräbern der Jüngeren La Tenezeit. Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie dem Fachbereich 6 Geschichte und Kulturwissenschaften der Philipps-Universität.
Sim, D.
1997 Roman Chain-Mail: Experiments to Reproduce the Techniques of Manufacture. Britannia Vol. XXVIII: pp. 359-371.
Stead, I. M.
1991 Iron Age Cemeteries in East Yorkshire: Excavations at Burton Fleming, Rudston, Garton-on-the-Wolds, and Kirkburn. English Heritage, London.
Waurick, G.
1982 Die römische Kettenrüstung von Weiler-la-Tour. Hémecht: Zeitschrift für Luxemburger Geschichte (Revue d´Histoire Luxembourgeoise) Vol. 34: pp. 111-30.
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Martin is right that there is no systematic study available. This is hardly unusual, the only major work on this subject from pre-early modern Europe which has material in sufficient quantities to be able to say anything statistically viable (and even that is a long shot due to geographic spread) is Alan Williams The Knight and the Blast Furnace
Here, however, is the 1996 web-published article by danish archaeometallurgist Arne Jouttijärvi (who also has an older publication in Martin's list), detailing Pre-Roman Iron Age and Roman Iron Age maille from Denmark; five spesific finds are examined.
http://www.archaeometry.dk/Jern/Jouttij ... n-mail.pdf
Arne is an excellent archaeometallurgist with no tendency to jump to conclusions - he realizes the danger of generalizing from small sample sets: i.e. he doesn't end half his articles with "thus we can show that insert culture studied possessed superior insert metal-making techniques not equalled until the insert "impressively" late date century. He runs his own archaeometallurgical analysis firm, Heimdal archaeometry.
He has an internet article list set as well:
On Iron:
http://www.archaeometry.dk/artikler%20jern.htm
On Copper Alloys:
http://www.archaeometry.dk/artikler%20copper.html
On silver:
http://www.archaeometry.dk/artikler%20silver.htm
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http://webpages.charter.net/erikdschmid/ contact eric. i have the 1st issue of the journal. dunno if eh ever did anything more with it or not.
Tiberius Claudius Lupus
Chuck Russell
Keyser,WV, USA
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Croom, A. (2001) “A Ring Mail Shirt from South Shields Roman Fortâ€
John Conyard
York
A member of Comitatus Late Roman
Reconstruction Group
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Thank you all very much for your help, especially Martijn. This is exactly what I was looking for, and these resources should be very helpful.
Ruben
He had with him the selfsame rifle you see with him now, all mounted in german silver and the name that he\'d give it set with silver wire under the checkpiece in latin: Et In Arcadia Ego. Common enough for a man to name his gun. His is the first and only ever I seen with an inscription from the classics. - Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian
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Hello,
Although of interest could be
.
Leif Hansen, Die Panzerung der Kelten: eine diachrone und interkulturelle Untersuchung eisenzeitlicher Rüstungen. Kiel 2003. 216 pp.
ISBN: 3-00-012299-0
Greetings, Eckhard
Eckhard Deschler-Erb
University of Zurich
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Quote:i have the 1st issue of the journal. dunno if eh ever did anything more with it or not.
Here is your answer:
http://webpages.charter.net/erikdschmid/
The second volume is dedicated entirely to one specific form of Roman mail armour commonly referred to as lorica plumata.
Cheers,
Martijn
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Erik is curently taking pre-orders to help offset the printing cost. This will probably be the definitive publication on the subject.
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