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Roman Roads
#1
We've all seen and read how Roman roads were built, from the carefully prepared substrate up to the neatly cut and fitted paving stones.

What I'm wondering is this: Most pictures show the roads looking like the modern Via Appia -- pretty much a neatly fitted surface of stones. But I've seen a couple of sources state that the top surface actually had a thin layer of cement to smooth the paving stones, or at least the joints between. Of course, over the centuries that cement would have crumbled and washed or eroded away.

Naturally that would take a lot of regular maintenance, replacing the cement every few years or so (depending on erosion and traffic).

Does anybody here know for sure? Thanks.

Wander/ Wayne Anderson
Wayne Anderson/ Wander
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#2
I understood roman road surfaces to vary according to the available supplies. Some were gravelled as well. I hadn't heard about the cement though: seems the maintenance would be ferocious from the hobnails everyone wore. They didn't have horseshoes so that would not I think have been a problem.
Richard Campbell
Legio XX - Alexandria, Virginia
RAT member #6?
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#3
I wasn't thinking so much of horseshoes as of wheels -- wagons and carts. I hadn't thought of the hobnails, but I can sure see how they would wear down cement (or a cement/sand aggregate).

Maybe they topped a road or two with cement, saw the ferocious wear, and gave up after a couple seasons... Smile

On the gravelled roads -- is that above the paving stones, or in lieu of them? (I note that gravel would certainly be better for traction on a snowy or icy road, and it might survive the freezes better, in the regions where it gets that cold.)

Wayne Anderson/ Wander
Wayne Anderson/ Wander
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#4
A high percentatge of roman roads were made of gravestone (they called glarea strata or gravestone roads).

A lot of roads never have had paving stones smooth like the Pompei streets ones or the via Apia ones.

I have read that in the cities taht stones were used to avoid the cars and horses go too speedy.

You can see some interesting pictures of spanish roads in that book on-line:

http://traianus.rediris.es/viasromanas/viasromanas.pdf

I have digged some roman roads at Tarraco, and all are made of gravestone, with a lot of periodical repairs.

The grave have a little proportion of ciment, to secures the adhesion and make it waterproof.
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#5
Thanks for the info and that link! Excellent photos. It only makes me wish my Spanish were as good as your English is. I can stumble through it, but it's slow going.

You wrote: "I have read that in the cities taht stones were used to avoid the cars and horses go too speedy. "

You're saying the Romans invented speed bumps. After all the good things they gave us...!

Wayne Anderson/ Wander
Wayne Anderson/ Wander
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#6
Here are selected Roman road-related website (basic to imtermediate level) links for anyone interested (update 19 Jul 2008):

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_roads
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/G ... /home.html
<http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Viae.html> (you will have to copy and paste this link into your web browser)
http://traianus.rediris.es/
http://viae-romanae.pbwiki.com/
http://www.brrp.bham.ac.uk/construction ... ction.html
http://www.crystalinks.com/romeroads.ht ... -roads.htm
http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/viaeromanae.html
http://www.dl.ket.org/latin3/mores/techno/roads/
http://www.kaluwi.de/Roemerstrassen.html (links to pages with many Roman Raetian road images [recent])
http://www.unrv.com/culture/roman-roads.php
http://www.viaeromanae.org/

Many of these have links to additional websites with more specific details, particular roads, etc. Web browser searches on the Roman road's name yield relevant images to the road's details. +r
AMDG
Wm. / *r
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#7
Many road pages, but not one Roman bridge site. As if roads function without bridges. That does not do justice to the first great bridge builders - globally.
Stefan (Literary references to the discussed topics are always appreciated.)
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#8
Quote:Many road pages, but not one Roman bridge site. As if roads function without bridges. That does not do justice to the first great bridge builders - globally.
I'll check, then edit to add any related links. Smile

Roman Bridge Links: (Updated 19 Jul 2008)
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Categ ... an_bridges
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_bridge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_bridges
http://id-archserve.ucsb.edu/arthistory ... idges.html
http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q ... a=N&tab=wi
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/G ... /home.html
http://traianus.rediris.es/ (Click on "Pontes" [now in home page left margin])
http://www.citrag.it/archi/page/bridges/e_f_pn_ro.htm
http://www.iath.virginia.edu/rome/Journal2TaylorNew.pdf
http://www.icomos.org/studies/bridges.htm#4 (small section)
http://www.technologystudent.com/struct1/roman2.htm

These websites provide mostly basic information. Hope these help. Smile +r
AMDG
Wm. / *r
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#9
Just out of curiosity, I may have asked this before, but, when I was in Toledo, I saw what looked to be cyclopean type stone work, that could have been part of a bridge foundation, in the gorge between the walled town and the military academy( or some thing, I can't recall for sure)across the gorge. Does anyone know if this was Roman or does it predate them?
Visne partem mei capere? Comminus agamus! * Me semper rogo, Quid faceret Iulius Caesar? * Confidence is a good thing! Overconfidence is too much of a good thing.
[b]Legio XIIII GMV. (Q. Magivs)RMRS Remember Atuatuca! Vengence will be ours!
Titus Flavius Germanus
Batavian Coh I
Byron Angel
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#10
Quote:Just out of curiosity, I may have asked this before, but, when I was in Toledo, I saw what looked to be cyclopean type stone work, that could have been part of a bridge foundation, in the gorge between the walled town and the military academy( or some thing, I can't recall for sure)across the gorge. Does anyone know if this was Roman or does it predate them?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puente_de_ ... Dn_(Toledo )
(Link does not work. See WP: Puente de San Martín (Toledo) )

but more probably the Puente de Alcantara (that in Toledo, not the famous one 100 km further downstream). It is built on Roman foundations. Span IIRC about 25 m.

There must be also the remains of a third bridge abit downstream in the plain.
Stefan (Literary references to the discussed topics are always appreciated.)
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#11
Thanks Restitvtvs! Laudes.

These are good links, but given the vast academic credentials a comprehensive and informed work on Roman bridges would receive, not much more than preliminaries. In many cases, the authors do not even know for sure the bridges clear spans!
Stefan (Literary references to the discussed topics are always appreciated.)
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#12
The one I am thinking of is just foundations blocks at the bottom of the gorge. No bridge. Thanks for the information and link.
Visne partem mei capere? Comminus agamus! * Me semper rogo, Quid faceret Iulius Caesar? * Confidence is a good thing! Overconfidence is too much of a good thing.
[b]Legio XIIII GMV. (Q. Magivs)RMRS Remember Atuatuca! Vengence will be ours!
Titus Flavius Germanus
Batavian Coh I
Byron Angel
Reply
#13
Restitutus,

add now [url:u7ccow01]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_bridges[/url] Big Grin
Stefan (Literary references to the discussed topics are always appreciated.)
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