Gladiator shields - construction tips for reenactors

[Lugorix]

If the shield you are planning to make is an equites parma, Dr. Junkelmann describes the ones he had made as of pressed leather with a grip made of two leather straps on the back that cross over in the centre, along with a smaller strap along the edge. When on horseback, the forearm is passed through the crossed straps, and the edge strap is gripped by the hand. On foot, the crossed straps may be gripped at the centre by the hand.

I remember reading that somewhere before. Now that makes more sense to me. I'm not sure what "pressed leather" is in terms of a shield though.

Were some shields from this period made of wicker and covered with leather? Forgive me for not knowing the lineage of shield types in your side of the Alps. Could an equite parma be made from wicker and leather?