Haloes : art questions

[Carlton Bach]

Yeah, I didn't think the Byzantines ever gave it up. My guess is they justified its use for Emperors since they were God's "vice regent" on earth. But in the West I think it ceased being used for secular figures. Not even Popes are seen with them (unless they were subsequently Sainted). Maybe I'm wrong though...?

I don't think we have terribly much up until the 9th century, and in Carolingian art, halos are not shown on kings or emperors, only on Jesus, the angels and the saints.