08-01-2021, 12:20 PM
Early or mid first century, the legionaries - as far as known - come mostly from Italy (Augustus- Caligula), about 2/3rds, the other 1/3rd is from Spain, Macedonia and Gallia Narbonensis. That changes very quickly. Under Claudius and Nero, the share of especially the Gallic provinces grows, so that only about half is Italian. By the second half of the century, 3/4ths comes from the provinces. Much of it still Spain and what’s now France, but also the German provinces and the Balkans. See Le Bohec, The Roman Imperial Army.
