Naming Convention Of Roman Temples

[Nathan Ross]

if there 2 Temples dedicated to the Roman god Jupiter... there would not be anything in this statement or speech that would necessarily differentiate which Temple was being referred to.

As far as we know they were just called the Temple of Jupiter (or whoever). In cities with a multitude of temples, the gods might be distinguished by particular attributes: in Rome there was a temple of Jupiter Stator (Jupiter 'the sustainer') distinct from the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus (Jupiter 'the best and greatest') on the Capitoline Hill, for example. Interestingly, the former was also known as the 'Aedes Metelli' (shrine of the Metellii family) as it was inside the Porticus Metelli, so sometimes temples could be named after a founder or a local landmark!

But most cities would only have one temple or shrine of each god, so there would be no confusion.

some Temples were dedicated to multiple Gods. In this case how would the Temple itself be referred to in conversation or as a reference point? (Would it be called the Templum of the Pantheum)

I was thinking of (for example) the Temple of Venus and Rome - Templum Veneris et Romae, or Castor and Pollux, collectively called the Dioscori. Both were in Rome.

The Pantheum (modern Pantheon) was a particular building in Rome, perhaps originally not a temple but adorned with the statues of all the gods; there was apparently something like it in Antioch, and the name is originally Greek (Pantheion - 'all the gods'). But it certainly wouldn't be the usual term to describe a temple to multiple gods.

In the case of a temple dedicated to the 'Capitoline triad' of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, the name Capitolium might have been used. Quite possibly other small temples, shrines and altars clustering around this temple could have been included in the name too (as we find with the original structure in Rome itself). There's an interesting description of Ostia's Capitolium here.