06-13-2004, 04:14 PM
(Article from The Telegraph):<br>
<br>
<strong>Borders folk may be descended from Africans</strong><br>
By David Derbyshire<br>
(Filed: 11/06/2004)<br>
<br>
Families who have lived in the English-Scottish Borders for generations could be descended from African soldiers who patrolled Hadrian's Wall nearly 2,000 years ago.<br>
<br>
Archaeologists say there is compelling evidence that a 500-strong unit of Moors manned a fort near Carlisle in the third century AD.<br>
<br>
Richard Benjamin, an archaeologist at Liverpool University who has studied the history of black Britons, believes many would have settled and raised families.<br>
<br>
"When you talk about Romans in Britain, most people think about blue eyes and pale complexions," he said. "But the reality was very different."<br>
<br>
Writing in the journal British Archaeology, Mr Benjamin describes a fourth century inscription discovered in Beaumount, two miles from the remains of the Aballava fort at Burgh by Sands. The inscription refers to the "numerus of Aurelian Moors" - a unit of North Africans, probably named after the emperor Marcus Aurelius.<br>
<br>
The unit is also mentioned in the Notitia Dignitatum, a Roman list of officials and dignitaries. It describes the prefect of the "numeri Maurorum Aurelianorum, Aballaba".<br>
<br>
The unit was probably mustered in the Roman province of Mauretania, in modern-day Morocco, by the emperor Septimus Severus and arrived in Britain in the second or third centuries AD. Aballava lay at the western end of Hadrian's Wall in Cumbria.<br>
<br>
Mr Benjamin suspects that the unit would have been blooded in battles in Germany and the Danube where more inscriptions refer to a unit of Moors. Their number is unknown, but the fort could have held up to 500 men.<br>
<br>
"There was freedom of movement for civilians and those in administration of the armed forces. Discharge certificates indicate that the veteran soldiers settled in Britain," he said. "Soldiers would have had plenty of money to spend in native settlements on the outskirts of the forts. They would have sought entertainment in brothels. Many would probably have wanted more permanent relationships."<br>
<br>
Mr Benjamin is calling for a major study of black Roman Britons. He believes that DNA tests of locals could reveal genetic links with modern-day north Africans, while skeletons of Romans found in the area might contain telltale clues to their childhood origins.<br>
<br>
Buildings in the village may have been built from recycled Roman materials. Some might be of African origin, he said.<br>
<br>
The unit is likely to have been composed of Berbers from North Africa, but may also have had darker-skinned soldiers from Nubia.<br>
<br>
In 1989, archaeologists discovered a 1,900-year-old wooden sculpture of a black African head in London carved in the first century.<br>
<br>
Contemporary records also point to Africans living in Britain during the Roman occupation. The emperor Septimus Severus is reported to have been approached by a black African soldier while he crossed Hadrian's Wall on his return from a battle in Scotland.<br>
<br>
In South Shields, a Roman tombstone refers to a 20-year-old "Moor by race, the freed slave of Numerians". <p></p><i></i>
<br>
<strong>Borders folk may be descended from Africans</strong><br>
By David Derbyshire<br>
(Filed: 11/06/2004)<br>
<br>
Families who have lived in the English-Scottish Borders for generations could be descended from African soldiers who patrolled Hadrian's Wall nearly 2,000 years ago.<br>
<br>
Archaeologists say there is compelling evidence that a 500-strong unit of Moors manned a fort near Carlisle in the third century AD.<br>
<br>
Richard Benjamin, an archaeologist at Liverpool University who has studied the history of black Britons, believes many would have settled and raised families.<br>
<br>
"When you talk about Romans in Britain, most people think about blue eyes and pale complexions," he said. "But the reality was very different."<br>
<br>
Writing in the journal British Archaeology, Mr Benjamin describes a fourth century inscription discovered in Beaumount, two miles from the remains of the Aballava fort at Burgh by Sands. The inscription refers to the "numerus of Aurelian Moors" - a unit of North Africans, probably named after the emperor Marcus Aurelius.<br>
<br>
The unit is also mentioned in the Notitia Dignitatum, a Roman list of officials and dignitaries. It describes the prefect of the "numeri Maurorum Aurelianorum, Aballaba".<br>
<br>
The unit was probably mustered in the Roman province of Mauretania, in modern-day Morocco, by the emperor Septimus Severus and arrived in Britain in the second or third centuries AD. Aballava lay at the western end of Hadrian's Wall in Cumbria.<br>
<br>
Mr Benjamin suspects that the unit would have been blooded in battles in Germany and the Danube where more inscriptions refer to a unit of Moors. Their number is unknown, but the fort could have held up to 500 men.<br>
<br>
"There was freedom of movement for civilians and those in administration of the armed forces. Discharge certificates indicate that the veteran soldiers settled in Britain," he said. "Soldiers would have had plenty of money to spend in native settlements on the outskirts of the forts. They would have sought entertainment in brothels. Many would probably have wanted more permanent relationships."<br>
<br>
Mr Benjamin is calling for a major study of black Roman Britons. He believes that DNA tests of locals could reveal genetic links with modern-day north Africans, while skeletons of Romans found in the area might contain telltale clues to their childhood origins.<br>
<br>
Buildings in the village may have been built from recycled Roman materials. Some might be of African origin, he said.<br>
<br>
The unit is likely to have been composed of Berbers from North Africa, but may also have had darker-skinned soldiers from Nubia.<br>
<br>
In 1989, archaeologists discovered a 1,900-year-old wooden sculpture of a black African head in London carved in the first century.<br>
<br>
Contemporary records also point to Africans living in Britain during the Roman occupation. The emperor Septimus Severus is reported to have been approached by a black African soldier while he crossed Hadrian's Wall on his return from a battle in Scotland.<br>
<br>
In South Shields, a Roman tombstone refers to a 20-year-old "Moor by race, the freed slave of Numerians". <p></p><i></i>
Robert Vermaat
MODERATOR
FECTIO Late Romans
THE CAUSE OF WAR MUST BE JUST
(Maurikios-Strategikon, book VIII.2: Maxim 12)
MODERATOR
FECTIO Late Romans
THE CAUSE OF WAR MUST BE JUST
(Maurikios-Strategikon, book VIII.2: Maxim 12)
