HELLENES (Greeks) & ELLAS Origins

[Hoplitesmores]

> PERSIANS NAMING OF THE GREEKS & THE VARIOUS GREEKS TRIBES

There are several types of Yauna in the Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions:

(1)
Yaunβ in general: the same as the Greeks known as "Ionians", i.e.,
those living in Asia Minor. They can already be found in the Behistun
Inscription, when the Persian rule had not yet reached Europe. This
identification is 100% certain.

(2)
Yaunβ takabarβ, the 'Greeks with shield-shaped hats'. First mentioned
in DNa ( http://www.livius.org/aa-ac/achaemenians/DNa.html ), where
they are distinguished from the "normal" Yaunβ: an almost certain
reference to the Macedonian sunhats.

(3 and 4)
"The Yaunβ, near and across the sea": another division, for the first
time found in DSe ( http://www.livius.org/aa-ac/achaemenians/DSe.html
) and in a slightly different form in the Daiva Inscription by Xerxes
(XPh: http://www.livius.org/aa-ac/achaemenians/XPh.html ). The obvious
reading is "the Asian Yauna and the European Yauna", i.e., -again-
Asian Greeks and Macedonians.

On the other hand, Persian inscriptions are fairly stereotypical, and
the fact that there is a small difference between the precise wording
of DSe and XPh suggests that there is a difference. Perhaps, there is
a difference between the "Yauna across the sea" and the sunhat-Yaunβ.
If this is correct, the Yauna across the sea must be either Cypriot
Greeks (but why didn't Darius, who seems to have subdued Cyprus,
mention them?) or the Thessalians, Boeotians, and Athenians - nations
that Xerxes could claim to have conquered.

(5)
There is a seal from the age of Xerxes (
http://www.livius.org/a/1/greece/yauna_seal.jpg ) in which the great
king defeats someone looking like a Yauna. It is unique, because a
second man appears to have a hand in the killing, and this man looks
like a Yauna. Is this the Macedonian king Alexander who helps killing
a Thessalian/Boeotian/Athenian??

Such instances are extremely rare since only a handful
of original Persian texts have survived.There are of references by Darius I in
the Behistun Inscription to Sardis (OP Sparda), Ionia (OP Yauna) and
Cappadocia (OP Katpatuka). There are also a couple of statements
concerning the Greeks and their tribes in the Babylonian tablets.