Military maps

[Crispianus]

Maybe you should look for Claudius Ptolemy the Astronomer, Geographer and Mathematician, though I dont know if any originals of his maps exist there are medieval copies that are said to be accurate copies of the originals...
There is I think a book dealing with his maps that was recently published:

http://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/ptolemy-...16778.html

http://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/catalogs...s+Geograph

Itineraium: a list of place names and distances bettween them, a modern reconstruction in map form:

http://www.omnesviae.org/
http://www.omnesviae.org/reconstruction/

I would guess you plan your route by the shortest route to your destination using the Itineraium as the guide... with this you need no knowledge of geography much like with Google route finder etc...