06-01-2011, 02:23 AM
Whilst I believe, as does Dorst, that the Kontos referred to in Arrian's 'Array against the Alans' is in fact the pilum, the fact that a gravestone of a 'discens phalangarii' of Legio II Parthica found at Apamea would seem to suggest that during the 3rd century AD some legionary troops were armed as phalangites i.e with long spears/pikes. Perhaps Caracalla did after all raise some pikemen in his army as claimed in the SHA?
Adrian Coombs-Hoar