Italian hoplite

[hoplite14gr]

Shield devices were standarized at the colonies round the same time as in the mainland.
"Red faced pottery" gives less info than "black faced" pottery.
White lykithoi are sometimes a better source and text fragments especially pottery and comentators on text.
Description of religious ceremonies is another indirect source.

Spartans did cover the bronze with paint and also some Athenian hieratic clans. Not to mention the "white shielded" Argives and Tarentines.

Kind regards