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Roman Army Terminology Greek-Latin - Julian de Vries - 10-17-2017
Dositheus, Hermeneumata Leidensia, p2, 33; 1 (auctor c.350AD)
[§ 33] Περὶ στρατιᾶς De militia
παρεμβολή castra
στρατιώτης miles
ἡγεμών dux
ἔπαρχος praefectus
χιλίαρχος tribunus
ἑκατόνταρχος centurio
ταξίαρχος evocatus
πρωτοστάτης princeps
σημειοφόρος signifer
ναύαρχος navarchus
δεκαδάρχης decurio
πεζοί pedites
ἱππεῖς equites
τοξόται sagittarii
φύλακες custodes
κατόπται speculatores
πολέμιοι hostes
αἰχμάλωτοι captivi
πόλεμος pugna
εἰρήνη pax
τάγμα legio
εἴλη turma
ὅπλα arma
δόρυ hasta
γραμματεύς tesserarius
στόλος classis
λάφυρα spolia
φρούριον praesidium
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[url=http://www.mlat.uzh.ch/MLS/info_frame.php?tabelle=Dositheus_cps16&w=§&tree=%3cunknown%3e%20ADJ&lang=0&inframe=1][§ 34] Περὶ ἀρχόντων De magistratibus
βασιλεύς rex
αὐτοκράτωρ imperator
ἄναξ imperator
σεβαστός augustus
δήμαρχος tribunus plebis
σύγκλητος senatus
ὕπατοι consules
στρατηγός praetor
πρεσβευτής legatus
ταμίας quaestor
ἀγορανόμος aedilis
ὑπατικός consularis
ἀνθύπατος proconsul
ἐπαρχία provincia
συγκάθεδροι assessores
RE: Roman Army Terminology Greek-Latin - Robert Vermaat - 10-19-2017
My Greek is not that good - could anyone transcribe the Greek terminology?
RE: Roman Army Terminology Greek-Latin - Nathan Ross - 10-19-2017
(10-19-2017, 10:37 AM)Robert Vermaat Wrote: could anyone transcribe the Greek terminology?
I've found if you copy and paste them into Google Translate as modern Greek, it gives you a (generally) pretty good transliteration, besides a meaningless translation!
So στρατιώτης comes up as 'stratiotis', which does indeed mean soldier (miles in Latin).
However, I think what this list demonstrates is the imprecision of a lot of Latin/Greek military terms. ἡγεμών (igemón, or hegemon) is listed as dux, for example - it can mean that, but it could also refer to a provincial governor (legatus, or praeses), a city curator, or even a council member. Any sort of 'leader'.
τάγμα (tágma) is translated as legion - it could mean that, but the word could also refer to a mounted unit. ταξίαρχος (taxíarchos) becomes 'evocatus', but the word could also mean a centurion, a tribune or a senior commander, and τάξις (taxis) could mean a legion or a cavalry unit.
RE: Roman Army Terminology Greek-Latin - Renatus - 10-19-2017
Likewise, εἴλη (eile) is almost certainly a transliteration of ala.