List of Roman Battles - Printable Version +- RomanArmyTalk (https://www.romanarmytalk.com/rat) +-- Forum: Research Arena (https://www.romanarmytalk.com/rat/forumdisplay.php?fid=4) +--- Forum: Roman Military History & Archaeology (https://www.romanarmytalk.com/rat/forumdisplay.php?fid=8) +--- Thread: List of Roman Battles (/showthread.php?tid=8990) |
Re: List of Roman Battles - Roy - 04-12-2007 Added all battles up to and including the Battle of Vercellae - the end of the Cimbrian Wars. If anyone knows a good source for the Numantian war and the 1st & 2nd Servile War, please let me know. Re: List of Roman Battles - Roy - 04-16-2007 Added the battles up to and including the Battle of the Colline Gate. Please let me know if you know any good sources for the Social War and the First Civil War. Re: List of Roman Battles - Roy - 04-21-2007 Added all battles up to and including the Battle of Pistoria. Sorry for the slow updates, don't have a lot of time lately Re: List of Roman Battles - Et tu brute - 04-21-2007 Slow updates are better than no updates! Thanks alot for doing this Re: List of Roman Battles - Roy - 04-30-2007 Added all battles up to and including the Battle of Munda. [Edit] Seems I've reached the maximum post-length. I'll continue in a post below this one. Re: List of Roman Battles - Roy - 04-30-2007 Battle Near the River Stour (Part of the Second Invasion of Britannia) Date: 54BC, July Location: Near River Stour, Britannia Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Britons Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar Commander: ? Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: 4 Legions, 1700 cavalry Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Casualties: ? British Attack on Roman Foragers Date: 54BC Location: Britannia Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Britons Roman Commander: Gaius Trebonius Briton Commander: Cassivellaunus? Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: 3 legions, 1700 cavalry Briton Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Briton Casualties: ? Ambush by the Eburones Date: Winter, End 54BC or Early 53BC Location: Northern Gaul Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Eburones Roman Commanders: Quintus Titurius Sabinus & Lucius Aurunculeius Cotta Commander: Ambiorix Result: Eburonic victory Roman Strength: 1 Legion (+ auxilliaries?) Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Casualties: ? Battle of Carrhae Date: 53BC Location: Near Carrhae, Parthia Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Parthia Roman Commander: Marcus Licinius Crassus Parthian Commander: Surena Result: Parthian victory Roman Strength: 35000 legionnaires, 4000 cavalry, 4000 light infantry Parthian Strength: 9000 horse-archers, 1000 cataphracts Roman Casualties: 20000 killed, 10000 captured, 4000 wounded Parthian Casualties: ? Siege of Cicero's Camp Date: 53BC Location: Near Sabis, Gaul Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Gauls (revolt) Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar & Quintus Tullius Cicero Gallic Commander: Ambiorix Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: 3(?) under-strength legions, 400(?) cavalry Gallic Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Gallic Casualties: ? Siege of Avaricum Date: 52BC, March Location: Avaricum, Gaul Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Gauls Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar Gallic Commander: Vercingetorix? Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Gallic Strength: 40000 (including civilians) Roman Casualties: ? Gallic Casualties: 32000 (including civilians) Battle of Gergovia Date: 52BC, April/May Location: Gergovia, Gaul Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Gauls Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar Gallic Commander: Vercingetorix Result: Gallic victory Roman Strength: 6 Legions, 20000 auxilliaries Gallic Strength: 30000, including the Averni Guard Roman Casualties: 700 + 46 centuriones killed, over 6000 wounded Gallic Casualties: ? Battle of the Vingeanne Date: 52BC, July Location: Gaul Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Gauls Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar Gallic Commander: Vercingetorix Result: Indecisive Roman Strength: ? Gallic Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Gallic Casualties: ? Battle of Alesia Date: 52BC, September Location: Alesia, Gaul Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Gauls Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar Commanders: Vercingetorix & Commius Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: 12 Legions? + auxilliaries (30000-60000) Strength: 160000-330000 Roman Casualties: 12800 Casualties: 40000-250000 Siege of Massilia Date: 49BC Location: Masillia, Southern Gaul Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates Populares Commander: Gaius Trebonius Optimates Commander: Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus Result: Populares victory Populares Strength: 3 Legions Optimates Strength: ? Populares Casualties: ? Optimates Casualties: ? Naval Battle of Massilia Date: 49BC Location: near Massilia Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates Populares Commander: Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus Optimates Commander: ? Result: Optimates victory Populares Strength: ?, but less than Optimates Optimates Strength: ? Populares Casualties: ? Optimates Casualties: 9 ships Battle of Ilerda Date: 49BC Location: Near Ilerda, Spain Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates Populares Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar Optimates Commanders: Lucius Afranius & Marcus Petreius Result: Populares victory Populares Strength: ? Optimates Strength: 5 Legions, 80 cohorts, 5000 cavalry Populares Casualties: ? Optimates Casualties: Whole army surrendered Battle of Utica Date: 49BC Location: North Africa Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates Populares Commander: Gaius Scribonius Curio Optimates Commander: Juba I of Numidia Result: Populares victory Populares Strength: ? Optimates Strength: ? Populares Casualties: ? Optimates Casualties: ? Battle of the Bagradas River Date: 49BC, August 24 Location: Near Bagradas River, North Africa Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates Populares Commander: Gaius Scribonius Curio Optimates Commanders: Publius Attius Varus & Juba I of Numidia Result: Optimates victory Populares Strength: ? Optimates Strength: ? Populares Casualties: ? Optimates Casualties: ? Battle of Dyrrhachium Date: 48BC, July 10 Location: Dyrrhachium Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates Populares Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar Optimates Commander: Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus Result: Optimates victory Populares Strength: 15000 Optimates Strength: 45000 Populares Casualties: 1000 Optimates Casualties: ? Battle of Pharsalus Date: 48BC, August 9 Location: Pharsalus, Greece Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates Populares Commander: Gaius Julius caesar Optimates Commander: Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus Result: Populares victory Populares Strength: 22000 legionnaires, 5000-10000 auxiliaries and allies, 1800 allied cavalry Optimates Strength: 60000 legionnaires, 4200 auxiliaries and allies, 5000-8000 allied cavalry Populares Casualties: 1200 Optimates Casualties: 6000 Battle of Nicopolis Date: 48BC Location: Near Nicopolis, Armenia Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Bosphoran Kingdom/Pontus Roman Commander: Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus Bosphoran/Pontic Commander: Pharnaces II Result: Bosphoran/Pontic victory Roman Strength: ? Bosphoran/Pontic Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Bosphoran/Pontic Casualties: ? Battle in Alexandria Date: 48BC Location: Alexandria, Egypt Combatants: Caesar's forces & Cleopaptra's forces vs. Ptolemeic forces Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar Ptolemeic Commanders: Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator & Arsinoe IV Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Ptolemeic Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Ptolemeic Casualties: ? Battle of the Nile Date: 47BC, February Location: Near the Nile, Egypt Combatants: Caesar's forces & Cleopatra's forces vs. Ptolemeic forces Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar Ptolemeic Commanders: Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator & Arsinoe IV Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: About 20000 (including Cleopatra's forces) Ptolemeic Strength: About 20000 Roman Casualties: ? Ptolemeic Casualties: ? Battle of Zela Date: 47BC, May Location: Zela, present-day Turkey Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Bosphoran Kingdom/Pontus Roman Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar Bosphoran/Pontic Commander: Pharnaces II Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Bosphoran/Pontic Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Bosphoran/Pontic Casualties: ? Battle of Ruspina Date: 46BC, January 4 Location: Ruspina, present-day Tunisia Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates Populares Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar Optimates Commander: Titus Labienus Result: Optimates victory Populares Strength: ? Optimates Strength: ?, but outnumber Caesar's army by a large margin Populares Casualties: About one-third of the army Optimates Casualties: ? Battle of Thapsus Date: 46BC, February 6 Location: Thapsus, present-day Tunisia Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates Populares Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar Optimates Commanders: Caecilius Metellus Scipio & Marcus Porcius Cato Minor Result: Populares victory Populares Strength: At least 10 legions Optimates Strength: At least 10 legions, 2500 cavalry, local allies, 60 elephants Populares Casualties: 1000 Optimates Casualties: 30000 Battle of Munda Date: 45BC, March 17 Location: Near Munda, Spain Combatants: Populares vs. Optimates Populares Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar Optimates Commanders: Gnaeus Pompeius & Titus Labienus Result: Populares victory Populares Strength: 8 legion, 8000 cavalry Optimates Strength: 13 legions, 6000 cavalry, 6000 light infantry Populares Casualties: 1000 Optimates Casualties: 30000 Battle of Forum Gallorum Date: 43BC, April 14 Location: Northern Italy Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Marcus Antonius' forces Roman Republic Commanders: Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus & Aulus Hirtius Opposing Commander: Marcus Antonius Result: Roman Republic victory Roman Republic Strength: ? Antonius' Forces Strength: ? Roman Republic Casualties: ? Antonius' Forces Casualties: ? Battle of Mutina Date: 43BC, April 21 Location: Near Mutina, Italy Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Marcus Antonius' forces Roman Commander: Alus Hirtius & Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus Opposing Commander: Marcus Antonius Result: Roman Republic victory Roman Republic Strength: ? Antonius' Forces Strength: ? Roman Republic Casualties: ? Antonius' Forces Casualties: ? First Battle of Philippi Date: 42BC, October 3 Location: Near Philippi, Greece Combatants: Triumvirs vs. Liberatores Triumvirs Commanders: Marcus Antonius & Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus Liberatores Commanders: Marcus Junius Brutus & Gaius Cassius Longinus Result: Draw (Antonius defeated Cassius, bu Octavianus was defeated by Brutus) Triumvirs Strength: 19 Legions, 33000 allied cavalry (13000 with Octavianus, 20000 with Antonius) Lieratores Strength: 17 Legions, allied levies, 17000 allied cavalry (including 5000 horse-archers) Triumvirs Casualties: Antonius: ?, Octavianus: about 18000 Liberatores Casualties: Brutus: ?, Cassius: 9000 Second Battle of Philippi Date: 42BC, October 23 Location: Near Philippi, Greece Combatants: Triumvirs vs. Liberatores Triumvirs Commanders: Marcus Antonius & Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus Liberatores Commander: Marcus Junius Brutus Result: Triumvir victory Triumvirs Strength: Unknown, because the exact ammount of casualties for the 1st Battle of Philippi isn't known Liberatores Strength: Unknown, because the exact ammount of casualties for the 1st Battle of Philippi isn't known Triumvirs Casualties: ? Liberatores Casualties: ? Battle of Perugia Date: Winter, 41-40BC Location: Near Perugia Combatants: Octavianus' forces vs. Lucius Antonius' and Fulvia's forces Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus Opposing Commander: Lucius Antonius (?) Result: Octavianus' victory Octavianus' Strength: ? Opposing Strength: At least 8 legions Octavianus' Casualties: ? Opposing Casualties: ? Naval Battle of Mile Date: 36BC, August Location: Off the coast of Mile, Sicily Combatants: Octavianus' forces vs. Pompeians Octavianus' Commander: Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Pompeian Commander: Sextus Pompeius Result: Octavianus' victory Octavianus' Strength: ? Pompeian Strength: ? Octavianus' Casualties: ? Pompeian Casualties: ? Naval Battle of Taormina Date: 36BC, August Location: Off the coast of Taormina, Sicily Combatants: Octavianus' forces vs. Pompeians Octavianus' Commander: Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus Pompeian Commander: Sextus Pompeius Result: Pompeian victory Octavianus' Strength: ? Pompeian Strength: ? Octavianus' Casualties: ? Pompeian Casualties: ? Naval Battle of Naulochus Date: 36BC, September 3 Location: Off the coast of Naulochus, Sicily Combatants: Octavianus' forces vs. Pompeians Octavianus' Commander: Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Pompeian Commander: Sextus Pompeius Result: Octavianus' victory Octavianus' Strength: 300 ships Pompeian Strength: 300 ships Octavianus' Casualties: 3 ships sunk Pompeian Casualties: 28 ships sunk, 255 ships captured Naval Battle of Actium Date: 31BC, September 2 Location: Ionian Sea, near Actium, Greece Combatants: Octavianus' forces vs. Marcus Antonius' & Cleopatra VII's forces Octavianus' Commander: Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Opposing Commander: Marcus Antonius Result: Octavianus' victory Octavianus' Strength: 400 ships (mainly small Liburnian vessels), 16000 Legionary marines Opposing Strength: 230 ships (mainly quinqueremes), 2000 archers, 20000 Legionary Marines Octavianus' Casualties: ? Opposing Casualties: Nearly the whole fleet destroyed or captured Battle in Moesia Date: 29BC Location: Moesia Combatants: Roman Republic vs. Basternae Roman Commander: Marcus Crassus Basternae Commander: Deldo Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Basternae Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Basternae Casualties: ? Battle of Napata Date: 22BC Location: Napata, Nubia Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Nubia Roman Commander: Gaius Petronius Pontius Nigrinus Nubian Commander: Candace Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: 2 Legions (XXII Deiotariana & III Cyrenaica) Nubian Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Nubian Casualties: ? Battle against Germanic Tribes Date: 16BC Location: Gaul Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Sigambri & Usipetes & Tencteri Roman Commander: Marcus Lollius Germanic Commander: ? Result: Germanic victory Roman Strength: ? Germanic Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Germanic Casualties: ? Battle of the Lupia River Date: 11BC Location: Lower Lupia River, Germania Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Sicambri Roman Commander: Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus Sicambrian Commander: ? Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Sicambrian Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Sicambrian Casualties: ? Battle of the Teutoburg Forest Date: 9AD Location: Present-day Kalkriese?, Germania Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Germanians Roman Commander: Publius Quinctilius Varus Germanic Commander: Arminius Result: Germanic victory Roman Strength: 3 legions (XVII, XVIII, XIX), 3 alae, 6 auxiliary cohorts Germanic Strength: 10000-18000? Roman Casualties: Whole army Germanic Casualties: ? Battle of the Weser River Date: 16AD Location: Somewhere on the right side of the Weser River, Germania Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Germanians Roman Commander: Germanicus Julius Caesar Germanic Commander: Arminius Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Germanic Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Germanic Casualties: ? Small Battle in Africa Date: 18AD Location: Africa Combatants: Roman Empire vs. mutinous Numidian or Mauritanian tribe(s) Roman Commander: ? Opposing Commander: ? Result: Numidian or Mauritanian victory Roman Strength: 1 vexillatio of Legio III Augusta Opposing Strength: ? Roman Casualties: Entire vexillatio destroyed Opposing Casualties: ? Battle of the Medway Date: 43AD Location: River Medway, present-day Kent, Britannia Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Britons Roman Commander: Aulus Plautius Briton Commanders: Togodumnus & Caratacus Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: 4 Legions, + cavalry and auxiliaries Briton Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Briton Casualties: ? Battle of Caer Caradoc Date: 50AD Location: Unknown, Britannia Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Ordovices (& Silures?) Roman Commander: Publius Ostorius Scapula Briton Commander: Caratacus Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ?, but less than the Britons Briton Strength: ?, but more than the Romans Roman Casualties: ? Briton Casualties: ? Battle of Watling Street Date: 61AD Location: Watling Street?, Britannia Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Britons Roman Commander: Gaius Suetonius Paulinus Briton Commander: Boudica Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: Around 10000, including Legio XIV Gemina and parts of XX Valeria Victrix Briton Strength: 230000? Roman Casualties: 400? Briton Casualties: 80000? Battle of Rhandeia Date: 62AD Location: ? Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Parthia & Armenia Roman Commander: Lucius Caesennius Paetus Parthian-Armenian Commander: Tiridates I Result: Parthian-Armenian victory Roman Strength: 2 Legions (XII Fulminata & IIII Scythica) Parthian-Armenian Strength: ? Roman Casualties: Whole army surrendered Parthian-Armenian Casualties: ? Revolt in Jerusalem Date: 66AD Location: Jerusalem, Judaea Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Revolting Jews Roman Commander: ? Jewish Commander: ? Result: Jewish victory Roman Strength: ? Jewish Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Jewish Casualties: ? Battle of Beth Horon Date: 66AD Location: near Beth Horon, Judaea Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Revolting Jews Roman Commander: Gaius Cestius Gallus Jewish Commander: Eleazar ben Simon Result: Jewish victory Roman Strength: 1 Legion (XII Fulminata) Jewish Strength: ? Roman Casualties: Nearly the entire legion Jewish Casualties: ? Vindex's Revolt Against Nero Date: 67AD Location: Germania Superior or Gaul Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Vindex's forces Roman Empire Commander: Lucius Verginius Rufus Opposing Commander: Gaius Julius Vindex Result: Roman Empire victory Roman Empire Strength: ? Opposing Strength: ? Roman Empire Casualties: ? Opposing Casualties: ? Battle in the Alps Date: 69AD Location: Somewhere in the Alps Combatants: Otho's Forces vs. Vitellius' Forces Otho's Forces Commander: ? Vitellius' Forces Commander: ? Result: Otho's forces victory Otho's Forces Strength: ? Vitellius' Forces Strength: ? Otho's Forces Casualties: ? Vitellius' Forces Casualties: ? Assault of Placentia (Siege?) Date: 69AD Location: Placentia Combatants: Otho's Forces vs. Vitellius' Forces Otho's Forces Commander: ? Vitellius' Forces Commander: Aulus Caecina Alienus Result: Otho's forces victory Otho's Forces Strength: ? Vitellius' Forces Strength: ? Otho's Forces Casualties: ? Vitellius' Forces Casualties: ? Battle of Locus Castrorum Date: 69AD Location: near Locus Castrorum Combatants: Vitellius' Forces vs. Otho's Forces Otho's Forces Commander: Gaius Suetonius Paulinus Vitellius' Forces Commander: Aulus Caecina Alienus Result: Otho's forces victory Otho's Forces Strength: 2 Legions (I Adiutrix, XIII Gemina), parts of XIIII Gemina, Praetorian Guard, gladiators Vitellius' Forces Strength: ? Otho's Forces Casualties: ? Vitellius' Forces Casualties: ? First Battle of Bedriacum / Cremona Date: 69AD Location: near Bedriacum and Cremona Combatants: Otho's Forces vs. Vitellius' Forces Otho's Forces Commander: Titianus (brother of Otho) Vitellius' Forces Commanders: Fabius Valens & Aulus Caecina Alienus Result: Vitellius' forces victory Otho's Forces Strength: 2 Legions (I Adiutrix, XIII Gemina), parts of XIIII Gemina, Praetorian Guard, gladiators Vitellius' Forces Strength: Around 70000 (2 Legions (XXI Rapax & V Alaudae), vexillationes from all other Rhine legions, and a strong force of Batavian auxiliaries) Otho's Forces Casualties: ? Vitellius' Forces Casualties: ? Second Battle of Bedriacum / Cremona Date: 69AD Location: near Bedriacum and Cremona Combatants: Vespasianus' Forces vs. Vitellius' Forces Vespasianus' Forces Commander: Marcus Antonius Primus Vitellius' Forces Commander: No commander (?) Result: Vespasianus' forces victory Vespasianus' Forces Strength: 5 Legions? (III Gallica, VII Claudia, VII Gemina, VIII Augusta, XIII Gemina) Vitellius' Forces Strength: 4 Legions (XXI Rapax, V Alaudae, I Italica, XXII Primigenia), vexillationes from 7 other legions, and auxiliaries Vespasianus' Forces Casualties: ? Vitellius' Forces Casualties: ? First Battle in the Batavian Rebellion Date: 69AD Location: near modern Arnhem, Germania Inferior Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Batavian and Canefate Rebels Roman Commander: ? Rebel Commander: Gaius Julius Civilis Result: Rebel victory Roman Strength: ?, only auxiliaries Rebel Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Rebel Casualties: ? Battle Near Noviomagus Date: 69AD Location: near Noviamagus, Germania Inferior Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Batavian Rebels Roman Commander: ? Rebel Commander: Gaius Julius Civilis Result: Rebel victory Roman Strength: 2 understrength Legions (V Alaudae & XV Primigenia), 3 auxiliary units (including a Batavian cavalry squadron) Rebel Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Rebel Casualties: ? Siege of Castra Vetera Date: 69AD Location: Castra Vetera (Xanten), Germania Inferior Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Batavian Rebels Roman Commander: Munius Lupercus? Rebel Commander: Gaius Julius Civilis Result: Roman victory (rebels abandoned the siege) Roman Strength: 2 understrength Legions (V Alaudae & XV Primigenia) Rebel Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Rebel Casualties: ? Battle of Gelduba Date: 69AD Location: Gelduba (modern Krefeld), Germania Inferior Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Batavian Rebels Roman Commander: ? Rebel Commander: Gaius Julius Civilis Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Rebel Strength: 8 cavalry regiments Roman Casualties: ? Rebel Casualties: ? Second Siege of Castra Vetera Date: 70AD Location: Castra Vetera (Xanten), Germania Inferior Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Batavian Rebels Roman Commander: Munius Lupercus Rebel Commander: Gaius Julius Civilis Result: Rebel victory Roman Strength: 2 understrength Legions (V Alaudae & XV Primigenia) Rebel Strength: ? Roman Casualties: Whole force destroyed Rebel Casualties: ? Siege of Jerusalem Date: 70AD, March-September Location: Jerusalem, Judaea Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Revolting Jews Roman Commander: Titus Flavius Vespasianus Jewish Commanders: Simon Bar-Giora, Yohanan mi-Gush Halav, Eleazar ben Simon Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: 70000, including 4 Legions (V Macedonia, X Fretensis, XII Fulminata, XV Apollinaris) Jewish Strength: 13000 Roman Casualties: ? Jewish Casualties: 60000-1100000 (mainly civilians) Siege of Masada Date: 72-73AD Location: Masada, Judaea Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Jews (Sicarii) Roman Commander: Lucius Flavius Silva Jewish Commander: Elazar ben Ya'ir Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: 1 Legion (X Fretensis) Jewish Strength: 966 (including women and children) Roman Casualties: ? Jewish Casualties: 960 Battle of Mons Graupius Date: 83AD or 84AD Location: Scotland Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Caledonians Roman Commander: Gnaeus Julius Agricola Caledonian Commander: Calgacus Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: About 20000 (including 3000 cavalry, 8000 auxiliary infantry) Caledonian Strength: About 30000 Roman Casualties: 360 Caledonian Casualties: 10000 First Battle of Tapae Date: 87AD Location: Tapae, Dacia Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Dacia Roman Commander: Cornelius Fuscus Dacian Commander: Decebalus Result: Dacian victory Roman Strength: 5 or 6 Legions (V Alaudae) Dacian Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ?, but heavy Dacian Casualties: ? Second Battle of Tapae Date: 88AD Location: Tapae, Dacia Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Dacia Roman Commander: Tettius Julianus Dacian Commander: Decebalus Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: 4 legions? Dacian Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Dacian Casualties: ? Battle against the Sarmatians Date: 92AD Location: Pannonia Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Sarmatians Roman Commander: ? Sarmatian Commander: ? Result: Sarmantian victory Roman Strength: 1 Legion? (XXI Rapax) Sarmatian Strength: ? Roman Casualties: Entire legion destroyed Sarmatian Casualties: ? Third Battle of Tapae Date: 101AD Location: Tapae, Dacia Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Dacia Roman Commander: Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus Dacian Commander: Decebalus Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: Around 10 Legions + vexillationes? Dacian Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Dacian Casualties: ? Battle of Adamclisi Date: Winter 101-102AD Location: Adamclisi, Dacia Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Dacia & allied Roxolani and Basternae Roman Commander: Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus dacian Commander: Decebalus Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: Around 10 Legions + vexillationes? Dacian Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Dacian Casualties: ? Siege of Sarmisegetusa Date: 106AD Location: Sarmisegetusa, Dacia Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Dacia Roman Commander: Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus Dacian Commander: Decebalus Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Dacian Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Dacian Casualties: ? Bar Kokhba's Revolt Date: 132-135AD Location: Judaea Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Revolting Jews Roman Commander: Sextus Julius Severus Jewish Commander: Simon Bar Kokhba Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ?, including at least 4 legions (VI Ferrata, X Fretensis, XXII Deiotariana, II Traiana Fortis), auxilliaries and vexillationes Jewish Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ?, Legio XXII Deiotariana annihilated Jewish Casualties: 580000 (including civilians) Battle of Cyzicus Date: 193AD Location: Near Cyzicus, Asia Minor Combatants: Septimus Severus' forces vs. Pescennius Niger's forces Severus' forces Commander: Septimus Severus Niger's forces Commander: Pescennius Niger Result: Severus' victory Severus' forces Strength: ? Niger's forces Strength: ? Severus' forces Casualties: ? Niger's forces Casualties: ? Battle of Nicaea Date: 193AD Location: Near Nicaea, Asia Minor Combatants: Septimus Severus' forces vs. Pescennius Niger's forces Severus' forces Commander: Septimus Severus Niger's forces Commander: Pescennius Niger Result: Severus' victory Severus' forces Strength: ? Niger's forces Strength: ? Severus' forces Casualties: ? Niger's forces Casualties: ? Battle of Issus Date: 196AD Location: Near Cyzicus, Asia Minor Combatants: Septimus Severus' forces vs. Pescennius Niger's forces Severus' forces Commander: Septimus Severus Niger's forces Commander: Pescennius Niger Result: Severus' victory Severus' forces Strength: 12 Legions Niger's forces Strength: 6 or 9 Legions + Auxiliaries Severus' forces Casualties: ? Niger's forces Casualties: ? Battle of Lugdunum Date: February 197AD Location: Near Lugdunum (Lyon), Gaul Combatants: Septimus Severus' forces vs. Clodius Albinus' forces Severus' forces Commander: Septimus Severus Albinus' forces Commander: Clodius Albinus Result: Severus' victory Severus' forces Strength: The Legions from Dacia, Moesia, Pannonia & Illyricum + Auxiliaries Albinus' forces Strength: The Legions from Britannia & Spain + Auxiliaries Severus' forces Casualties: ? Albinus' forces Casualties: ? Battle of Nisibis Date: 217AD Location: near Nisibis Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Parthia Roman Commander: Marcus Opellius Macrinus Parthian Commander: Artabanus IV Result: Draw Roman Strength: ? Parthian Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Parthian Casualties: ? Battle of Antioch Date: 218AD Location: near Antioch, Syria Combatants: Macrinus' forces vs. Elagabalus' forces Macrinus' forces Commander: Marcus Opellius Macrinus Elagabalus' forces Commander: Gannys Result: Elagabalus' victory Macrinus' Strength: ? Elagabalus' Strength: At least 2 legions (II Parthica & III Gallica) Macrinus' Casualties: ? Elagabalus' Casualties: ? Battle of Carthage Date: 238AD Location: near Carthage, Africa Combatants: Forces loyal to emperor Maximinus Thrax vs. forces of Gordianus I & Gordianus II Maximinus Thrax's Commander: Capelianus Opposing Commander: Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus (Gordian II) Result: Maximinus Thrax's forces victory Maximinus Thrax's forces Strength: 1 Legion (III Augusta) Opposing Strength: Untrained militias Maximinus Thrax's forces Casualties: ? Opposing Casualties: ? Battle of Resaena Date: 243AD Location: near Resaena, Mesopatamia Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Sassanid Empire Roman Commander: Gaius Furius Sabinius Aquila Timesitheus (Praetorian Prefect) Sassanid Commander: Shapur I Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Sassanid Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Sassanid Casualties: ? Battle of Beroea Date: 250AD Location: near Beroea and Philippopolis Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Goths Roman Commander: Gaius Messius Quintus Traianus Decius Gothic Commander: Cniva Result: Gothic victory Roman Strength: ? Gothic Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Gothic Casualties: ? Battle of Abrittus Date: 251AD Location: Scythia Minor Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Goths Roman Commanders: Gaius Messius Quintus Traianus Decius & Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius Gothic Commander: Cniva Result: Gothic victory Roman Strength: ? Gothic Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Gothic Casualties: ? Battle of Mediolanum Date: 259AD Location: near Mediolanum, Cisalpine Gaul Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Alamanni Roman Commander: Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus Alamannic Commander: ? Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Alamannic Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Alamannic Casualties: ? Battle of Edessa Date: 260AD Location: near Edessa, Mesopotamia Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Sassanid Empire Roman Commander: Publius Licinius Valerianus Sassanid Commander: Shapur I Result: Sassanid victory Roman Strength: ? Sassanid Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Sassanid Casualties: ? Battle of Naisus Date: 268AD Location: near Naissus, Pannonia Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Goths Roman Commanders: Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus & Marcus Aurelius Claudius Augustus Gothicus & Lucius Domitius Aurelianus Gothic Commander: ? Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Gothic Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Gothic Casualties: 30000-50000 Battle of Lake Benacus Date: 268AD Location: Along the banks of Lake Garda, Italy Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Alamanni Roman Commander: Marcus Aurelius Claudius Augustus Gothicus Alamannic Commander: ? Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: 35000 Alamannic Strength: Probably more than 100000 Roman Casualties: ? Alamannic Casualties: At least half of the entire force killed or captured Battle of Placentia Date: 271AD Location: near Placentia, Italy Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Alamanni Roman Commander: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus Alamannic Commander: ? Result: Alamannic victory Roman Strength: ? Alamannic Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Alamannic Casualties: ? Battle of the Metaurus River Date: 271AD Location: Banks of the Metaurus River, Italy Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Alamanni Roman Commander: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus Alamannic Commander: ? Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Alamannic Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Alamannic Casualties: ? Battle of Pavia Date: 271AD Location: near Pavia, Italy Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Alamanni Roman Commander: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus Alamannic Commander: ? Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Alamannic Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Alamannic Casualties: Entire army destroyed Battle of Immae Date: 272AD Location: Immae, near Antioch, Mesopotamia Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Palmyrene Empire Roman Commander: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus Palmyrene Commander: Zabdas Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Palmyrene Strength: ?, including clibanarii Roman Casualties: ? Palmyrene Casualties: ? Battle of Emesa Date: 272AD Location: near Emesa, Syria Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Palmyrene Empire Roman Commander: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus PalmyreneCommanders: Zenobia & Zabdas Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Palmyrene Strength: ?, including clibanarii Roman Casualties: ? Palmyrene Casualties: ? Battle of Chalons Date: 274AD Location: near modern Chalons-sur-Marne, Gaul Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Gallic Empire Roman Commander: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus Gallic Commander: Tetricus I Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Gallic Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Gallic Casualties: ? Battle of the Margus Valley Date: 285AD Location: Valley of the Margus River, Moesia Combatants: Diocletian's forces vs. Carinus' forces Diocletian's forces Commander: Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Carinus' forces Commander: Marcus Aurelius Carinus Result: Diocletian's victory Diocletian's forces Strength: ? Carinus' forces Strength: ? Diocletian's forces Casualties: ? Carinus' forces Casualties: ? Battle near Ctesiphon Date: 296AD Location: near Ctesiphon, Mesopotamia Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Sassanid Empire Roman Commander: Galerius Valerius Maximianus Sassanid Commander: Narses Result: Sassanid victory Roman Strength: ? Sassanid Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Sassanid Casualties: ? Battle of Lingones Date: 298AD Location: near Lingones, Gaul Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Alamanni Roman Commander: Flavius Valerius Constantius Alamannic Commander: ? Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Alamannic Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Alamannic Casualties: ? Battle of Vindonissa Date: 298AD Location: Vindonissa Combatants: Roman Empire vs. Alamanni Roman Commander: Flavius Valerius Constantius Alamannic Commander: ? Result: Roman victory Roman Strength: ? Alamannic Strength: ? Roman Casualties: ? Alamannic Casualties: ? Re: List of Roman Battles - Roy - 05-10-2007 Added all battles up to and including the Battle of Actium, and added several battles I missed earlier (Coracesium, Suthul, Thala). Re: List of Roman Battles - Roy - 05-18-2007 Added all battles up to and including the Battle of Rhandeia, and added several battles I missed earlier (battle in Moesia in 29BC, battle of Napata in 22BC, battle against Germanic tribes in Gaul in 16BC, battle in Africa in 18AD). Bigger update tomorrow Re: List of Roman Battles - Roy - 05-21-2007 Added all battles up to and including the Battle of Gelduba. Re: List of Roman Battles - Roy - 06-01-2007 Added all battles up to and including the Siege of Sarmisegetusa Re: List of Roman Battles - Roy - 06-18-2007 Does anyone know a good source for, say, 100-200AD? I can't find any good info about the Parthian wars, the wars against the Marcomanni, and the numerous rebellions in that period. (for info about battles that is) Re: List of Roman Battles - Robert Vermaat - 06-18-2007 Actually, the battle against the Alani never took place. Re: List of Roman Battles - Roy - 06-18-2007 Then how was Arrianus able to write his Ektaxis kata Alanoon (Order of Battle against the Alani)? :wink: Re: List of Roman Battles - Iulus - 06-19-2007 Salvete! Are you sure the result of the "Battle in the Alps" was Otho's forces victory? Because in the end Otho lost against Vitellius,didn't he? :?: Re: List of Roman Battles - Roy - 06-19-2007 Quote:Salvete! Are you sure the result of the "Battle in the Alps" was Otho's forces victory? Because in the end Otho lost against Vitellius,didn't he? :?: From Suetonius' Life of Otho, 9.2: He was victorious in three contests, but they were of little moment: in the Alps, near Placentia, and "at Castor's", as the place is called. In the final and decisive struggle at Betriacum he was defeated, but through treachery. For hope of a conference was offered, and when his soldiers were led out in the belief that they were to discuss terms of peace, a battle was forced upon them unexpectedly, just as they were exchanging greetings with the foe. After the defeat, Otho at once resolved to take his own life, rather from a feeling of shame, as many have thought with good reason, and an unwillingness to persist in a struggle for imperial power at the expense of such danger to life and property, than from any despair of success or distrust of his troops; for even then he had a fresh and strong force which he had held in reserve for a second attempt, while others were on their way from Dalmatia, Pannonia, and Moesia. Even the defeated troops were not so crushed as not to undergo any danger, and even without support undertake to avenge their disgrace. |